Nursing Elites

1. What conclusion is suggested by this study from Germany?

• A. So far, acupuncture does not have much credibility as a treatment option.
• B. Acupuncture can relieve women of all menstrual discomfort.
• C. NSAIDs are generally more effective than acupuncture for treating cramps.
• D. Acupuncture is a reasonable treatment choice for cramps.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The study indicates that acupuncture is a reasonable treatment option for menstrual cramps, supported by the positive outcomes reported by participants in the study. The wording in option D directly aligns with the conclusion drawn from the findings, making it the correct answer.

2. What is the meaning of the word 'pathogens' as it is used in the first paragraph?

• A. diseases
• B. vaccines
• C. disease-causing substances
• D. foods

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the context provided, 'pathogens' refers to disease-causing substances such as bacteria and viruses. These microorganisms can contaminate food and lead to foodborne illnesses. Choice A ('diseases') is incorrect as pathogens themselves cause diseases but are not diseases. Choice B ('vaccines') is incorrect as vaccines are used to prevent diseases caused by pathogens. Choice D ('foods') is incorrect as pathogens are not foods, but rather contaminants that can be found in food.

3. What role does water vapor play in the Water Cycle, as described in the passage?

• A. Water vapor is unnecessary in the water cycle.
• B. Water vapor plays a key role in precipitation.
• C. Water vapor is harmful to the environment.
• D. Water vapor cools the Earth's surface.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Water vapor plays a key role in precipitation.' The passage clearly outlines the importance of water vapor in the water cycle. It explains that water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants, and condenses back into droplets of liquid, forming clouds. These clouds eventually lead to precipitation like rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Choice A is incorrect as water vapor is crucial in the water cycle. Choice C is also incorrect as there is no mention of water vapor being harmful in the passage. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not state that water vapor cools the Earth's surface; instead, it highlights its role in the formation of precipitation.

4. Sleeping apparently helps with everything EXCEPT ___________.

• A. Fatigue
• B. Memory
• C. Learning
• D. Appetite

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Based on the provided extract, sleeping helps with fatigue, memory, and learning. The passage mentions how a nap can refresh the brain, improve the ability to learn and remember, and enhance memory. However, the extract does not mention anything about sleeping helping with appetite. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are supported by the content of the passage, emphasizing the positive effects of sleep on fatigue, memory, and learning.

5. Why was receiving a white elephant considered a burden in ancient Siam?

• A. People tried to avoid receiving it, as it was a burden.
• B. It was a symbol of honor and wealth.
• C. It was used in ceremonial processes.
• D. The people greatly desired a white elephant as a gift.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Receiving a white elephant in ancient Siam was considered a burden because the animal, being sacred, couldn't be used for work like other elephants. The recipient had to bear the cost of feeding the elephant large amounts of fruit and maintaining it in a lavish manner. The ruler's displeasure if the gift was not accepted graciously added to the pressure. This financial strain often led recipients to financial ruin. Therefore, people tried to avoid receiving a white elephant to prevent these financial consequences. Choice B is incorrect because the white elephant was not considered a symbol of honor and wealth but rather a burden. Choice C is incorrect as the white elephant was not primarily used in ceremonial processes but was a gift that came with financial responsibilities. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not mention that people greatly desired a white elephant as a gift, but rather the opposite.

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