Nursing Elites

1. What are the two types of chemical bonding?

• A. Covalent & hydrogen
• B. Ionic & covalent
• C. Ionic & hydrogen
• D. Covalent & metallic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ionic & covalent. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions attracted to each other. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Choice A is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force, not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice C is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice D is incorrect as metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons in a 'sea of electrons' within a metal lattice, not covalent bonding.

2. How many neutrons are in an atom of uranium-235?

• A. 92
• B. 125
• C. 143
• D. 235

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: '92'. To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, you subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the atomic mass number. For uranium-235, the atomic number is 92, and the atomic mass number is 235. Subtracting 92 from 235 gives us 143 neutrons in an atom of uranium-235. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of neutrons in an atom of uranium-235.

3. What are negatively charged ions called?

• A. Neutrons
• B. Protons
• C. Anions
• D. Cations

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Negatively charged ions are called anions. Anions gain electrons and carry a negative charge, which distinguishes them from cations that are positively charged and neutrons and protons that are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Choice A, Neutrons, are neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice B, Protons, are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice D, Cations, are positively charged ions that lose electrons, which is opposite to the behavior of negatively charged ions.

4. What are proteins made up of?

• A. Fatty acids
• B. Amino acids
• C. Nucleotides
• D. Sugars

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological processes in the body such as enzyme function, transport, and structural support. Fatty acids (Choice A) are components of lipids, not proteins. Nucleotides (Choice C) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Sugars (Choice D) are carbohydrates and are not the primary components of proteins.

5. Which branch of chemistry deals with the quantities and numeric relationships between compounds in a chemical reaction?

• A. Stoichiometry
• B. Molecular chemistry
• C. Atomic chemistry
• D. Thermodynamics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. It involves the calculation of quantities of substances consumed and produced in a chemical reaction based on the balanced chemical equation. Choice B, 'Molecular chemistry,' is incorrect as it focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of molecules. Choice C, 'Atomic chemistry,' is incorrect as it primarily deals with the study of atoms and their interactions. Choice D, 'Thermodynamics,' is incorrect as it pertains to the study of energy and heat transfer in chemical and physical processes.

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