Nursing Elites

1. What are the two types of chemical bonding?

• A. Covalent & hydrogen
• B. Ionic & covalent
• C. Ionic & hydrogen
• D. Covalent & metallic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ionic & covalent. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions attracted to each other. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Choice A is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force, not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice C is incorrect as hydrogen bonding is not a primary type of chemical bonding. Choice D is incorrect as metallic bonding involves the sharing of electrons in a 'sea of electrons' within a metal lattice, not covalent bonding.

2. How many amino acids are essential for human life?

• A. 22
• B. 20
• C. 18
• D. 24

Correct answer: B

Rationale: There are 20 essential amino acids required for human life. These amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. They play crucial roles in various physiological functions and are necessary for protein synthesis and overall health. Choice A is incorrect because there are not 22 essential amino acids. Choice C is incorrect as there are more than 18 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect as there are not 24 essential amino acids for human life.

3. What is the name of the compound CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃?

• A. Cyclobutane
• B. Butane
• C. Butene
• D. Butyne

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The compound CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ is named butane. Butane is a straight-chain alkane comprising four carbon atoms connected by single bonds. The prefix 'but-' denotes the presence of four carbon atoms, while the suffix '-ane' indicates it is an alkane with single bonds between the carbon atoms. Choice A, Cyclobutane, is incorrect as it refers to a cyclic hydrocarbon with four carbon atoms in a ring structure. Choice C, Butene, is incorrect because it is an alkene with a double bond between two carbon atoms, not a saturated hydrocarbon like butane. Choice D, Butyne, is also incorrect as it is an alkyne with a triple bond between two carbon atoms, unlike the single bonds in butane.

4. Which ion would you expect to dominate in water solutions of bases?

• A. MgCl₂
• B. 2HCl
• C. H⁺
• D. OH⁻

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In water solutions of bases, the dominant ion would be OH⁻ (hydroxide ion). Bases release OH⁻ ions when dissolved in water, increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions and leading to a higher pH. This is in contrast to acids, which release H⁺ ions. Therefore, in water solutions of bases, the presence of OH⁻ ions signifies the basic nature of the solution. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because MgCl₂ is a salt, 2HCl is a compound consisting of two hydrogen ions and one chloride ion, and H⁺ represents a hydrogen ion typically associated with acids, not bases.

5. What is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom called?

• A. covalent bonding
• B. electronegativity
• C. atomic radius
• D. ionization energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the outermost electron from an atom, resulting in the formation of a positively charged ion. The higher the ionization energy, the more difficult it is to extract an electron. Electronegativity, however, measures an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. Atomic radius refers to the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron. Covalent bonding involves sharing electron pairs between atoms to create a stable bond. Therefore, the correct answer is ionization energy as it specifically relates to the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.

Similar Questions