Nursing Elites

1. What are the components of the female internal genitalia and their functions?

• A. Fallopian tubes: transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
• B. Vagina: serves as the birth canal and connects the uterus to the external environment
• C. Ovaries: produce eggs and hormones
• D. Cervix: serves as the lower part of the uterus connecting it to the vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone). They are essential for reproduction, including the release of eggs for fertilization and for regulating the menstrual cycle. The fallopian tubes, as mentioned in choice A, transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus for potential fertilization. The vagina, described in choice B, serves as the birth canal and also connects the uterus to the external environment. The cervix, as stated in choice D, is the lower part of the uterus that connects it to the vagina and also plays a role in protecting the uterus from infections and serving as a passage for menstrual flow.

2. What is a reaction between an acid and a base known as?

• A. Precipitation
• B. Neutralization
• C. Oxidation-reduction
• D. Photolysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neutralization. When an acid and a base react, they neutralize each other's properties, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. Choice A, 'Precipitation,' refers to the formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. Choice C, 'Oxidation-reduction,' involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. Choice D, 'Photolysis,' is a reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components by light energy. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a reaction between an acid and a base is neutralization.

3. What is the function of white blood cells?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To fight infection
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To produce antibodies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system by fighting infection and protecting the body from foreign invaders. Choice A, 'To transport oxygen,' is incorrect because red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen. Choice C, 'To carry oxygen,' is also inaccurate for the same reason. Choice D, 'To produce antibodies,' while related to the immune system, is not the primary function of white blood cells, as their main role is to directly combat infections.

4. What is the function of ribosomes?

• A. Packaging and transporting proteins
• B. Storing genetic material
• C. Controlling cell division
• D. Synthesizing proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Synthesizing proteins. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilize the information to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process known as translation. Choice A, packaging and transporting proteins, is incorrect as this function is typically performed by the Golgi apparatus and vesicles. Choice B, storing genetic material, is incorrect as genetic material is usually stored in the nucleus in the form of DNA. Choice C, controlling cell division, is incorrect as this function is primarily regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and specific proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.

5. What is the function of arrector pili muscles?

• A. To control sweat production
• B. To contract and cause goosebumps
• C. To produce sebum
• D. To sense touch

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function of arrector pili muscles is to contract and cause goosebumps. These small muscles are attached to hair follicles in mammals. When they contract, they cause the hair to stand on end, resulting in goosebumps. This physiological response is often triggered by cold temperatures or emotional states like fear, helping mammals conserve heat or appear larger in threatening situations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Arrector pili muscles are not involved in controlling sweat production (Choice A), producing sebum (Choice C), or sensing touch (Choice D).

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