Nursing Elites

1. Water is capable of dissolving many substances that organisms need to carry out life functions. Which of the properties of water listed below is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds?

• A. adhesion
• B. cohesion
• C. high specific heat
• D. high polarity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The property of water that is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds is its high polarity. Water is a polar molecule with a positive and negative end, which allows it to attract and surround individual ions from salt compounds, causing them to dissociate and dissolve in water. This property makes water an excellent solvent for various substances necessary for life functions. Adhesion refers to the ability of water molecules to stick to other substances, cohesion is the attraction between water molecules themselves, and high specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of water. While these properties are important characteristics of water, they are not directly responsible for its ability to dissolve ionic salt compounds.

2. What is the function of the epiglottis?

• A. Produces saliva
• B. Senses taste
• C. Prevents food from entering the windpipe
• D. Filters blood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that covers the opening of the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. This action ensures that food and liquids are directed to the esophagus and down into the stomach, rather than entering the respiratory system, which could lead to choking or aspiration pneumonia. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they describe functions of other structures in the body that are not related to the role of the epiglottis.

3. Which type of wave does not require a medium for propagation?

• A. Transverse wave
• B. Longitudinal wave
• C. Mechanical wave
• D. Electromagnetic wave

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for propagation because they consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that can travel through a vacuum. In contrast, transverse and longitudinal waves are mechanical waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) for propagation. Therefore, options A, B, and C are incorrect as they are all types of mechanical waves that necessitate a medium for transmission.

4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a high percentage of CO2 and a very low percentage of O2 in the blood?

• A. Asphyxia
• B. Emphysema
• C. Eupnea
• D. Hypoxia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Asphyxia is the correct answer as it refers to a condition with high CO2 and low O2 levels in the blood. Asphyxia can result in oxygen deprivation and excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, posing a life-threatening situation if not treated promptly. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. Eupnea denotes normal breathing without any abnormalities. Hypoxia, on the other hand, involves low oxygen levels reaching the body's tissues, which can result from various causes such as reduced oxygen in the air or respiratory issues.

5. Identify the element with the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. To which group and period does this element belong?

• A. Group 16, Period 3
• B. Group 14, Period 3
• C. Group 18, Period 3
• D. Group 17, Period 2

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The given electron configuration matches that of Argon, an element found in Group 18 of the periodic table. This element is in the third period, as indicated by the highest energy level (n=3) where electrons are present. Therefore, the correct answer is Group 18, Period 3. Choice A (Group 16, Period 3) corresponds to sulfur, not the given electron configuration. Choice B (Group 14, Period 3) corresponds to silicon, not the given electron configuration. Choice D (Group 17, Period 2) corresponds to chlorine, which is in Period 3 but not in Group 18, making it incorrect for the given electron configuration.

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