Nursing Elites

1. Water is capable of dissolving many substances that organisms need to carry out life functions. Which of the properties of water listed below is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds?

• A. adhesion
• B. cohesion
• C. high specific heat
• D. high polarity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The property of water that is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds is its high polarity. Water is a polar molecule with a positive and negative end, which allows it to attract and surround individual ions from salt compounds, causing them to dissociate and dissolve in water. This property makes water an excellent solvent for various substances necessary for life functions. Adhesion refers to the ability of water molecules to stick to other substances, cohesion is the attraction between water molecules themselves, and high specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of water. While these properties are important characteristics of water, they are not directly responsible for its ability to dissolve ionic salt compounds.

2. What does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' refer to?

• A. Organisms with the most complex anatomical structures are more likely to survive and reproduce.
• B. Organisms that demonstrate the best adaptations to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction.
• C. All organisms have an equal probability of survival and reproductive success regardless of their traits.
• D. Only the strongest and most aggressive individuals within a population will survive and reproduce.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase 'survival of the fittest' is often associated with the concept of natural selection, proposed by Charles Darwin. Natural selection is the process by which organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation. This process does not necessarily favor the most complex anatomical structures (option A) or the strongest and most aggressive individuals (option D). Instead, it emphasizes the importance of adaptations that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. Option C is incorrect because natural selection results in differential reproductive success based on an organism's traits, meaning that not all organisms have an equal probability of survival and reproductive success.

3. What is the unit of measurement for momentum?

• A. Newton-second (N·s)
• B. Kilogram-meter (kg·m)
• C. Joule (J)
• D. Meter per second (m/s)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct unit of measurement for momentum is Newton-second (N·s). Momentum is calculated as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. The unit of mass is kilograms (kg) and the unit of velocity is meters per second (m/s). Therefore, the unit of momentum is kilogram-meter per second (kg·m/s). By Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), force is measured in Newtons (N), which is equivalent to kg·m/s². Multiplying the unit of force (N) by the unit of time (s) gives the unit of momentum as Newton-second (N·s). Choice B, Kilogram-meter (kg·m), is incorrect because it represents the unit of work or energy, not momentum. Choice C, Joule (J), is incorrect as it is a unit of energy. Choice D, Meter per second (m/s), is incorrect as it represents velocity alone, not momentum which is a vector quantity involving mass and velocity.

4. What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To break down proteins
• C. To neutralize stomach acid
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down proteins.' The primary function of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down proteins using gastric acid and enzymes. The stomach's acidic environment aids in protein digestion and prepares food for further processing in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach actually produces stomach acid to aid in digestion, not to neutralize it. Choice D is incorrect because regulating body temperature is not a primary function of the stomach within the digestive system.

5. What is the measure of the total amount of space occupied by an object?

• A. Mass
• B. Density
• C. Weight
• D. Volume

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Volume is the measure of the total amount of space occupied by an object. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, density is the mass per unit volume, and weight is the force of gravity acting on an object. When determining the space occupied by an object, volume is the appropriate measurement to consider. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly indicate the total amount of space occupied by an object. Mass, density, and weight are relevant in different contexts and measurements compared to volume.

Similar Questions