Nursing Elites

1. When two objects with different masses collide, what happens to their momentum after the collision?

• A. Increases for both objects
• B. Decreases for both objects
• C. Remains the same for both objects
• D. Can increase for one and decrease for the other

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When two objects with different masses collide, their total momentum remains the same after the collision according to the law of conservation of momentum if no external forces are acting on them. This means that the momentum of each individual object may change, but the sum of their momenta will remain constant. Choice A is incorrect because the total momentum of the system is conserved. Choice B is incorrect because momentum is conserved in an isolated system. Choice D is incorrect as it implies a violation of the law of conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant.

2. Which of the following units is used to express concentration as a mass of solute per unit volume of solution?

• A. Molality (m)
• B. Molarity (M)
• C. Weight percent (%)
• D. Parts per million (ppm)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Molality (m) is the unit used to express concentration as a mass of solute per unit volume of solution. It is calculated by dividing the mass of solute in grams by the mass of the solvent in kilograms. Molality is preferred over molarity when there are large temperature variations as it is temperature-independent, making it a more accurate measure of concentration. Molarity (B) is the unit used to express concentration as moles of solute per liter of solution, weight percent (C) is the mass of solute per 100 parts of the total mass of the solution, and parts per million (D) is used to express very small concentrations where 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 mg of solute per liter of solution.

3. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neon (Ne) shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He). Both helium and neon belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells, making them chemically inert. Boron (B), Carbon (C), and Oxygen (O) are not in the same group as helium. Boron is in Group 13, Carbon is in Group 14, and Oxygen is in Group 16 on the periodic table.

4. What effect does doubling the net force applied to an object have on its acceleration, assuming mass remains constant?

• A. Acceleration doubles
• B. Acceleration is halved
• C. Acceleration remains the same
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: A

Rationale: According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied to an object when mass is constant. Therefore, if the net force is doubled, the acceleration of the object will also double. This relationship is expressed by the formula F=ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. When mass is constant, doubling the force applied will result in a proportional doubling of acceleration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because doubling the net force does not halve, maintain, or quadruple the acceleration; it directly and proportionally increases the acceleration.

5. What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?

• A. Respiration
• B. Fermentation
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Hydrolysis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: - Respiration (Option A) is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy. - Fermentation (Option B) is an anaerobic process that also involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy. - Hydrolysis (Option D) is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of molecules by adding water. Photosynthesis (Option C) is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of plants and ultimately sustains life on Earth by providing oxygen for other organisms to breathe and serving as a source of energy in the food chain.

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