Nursing Elites

1. The tonsils and adenoids, located in the throat, are part of the:

• A. Lymphatic system
• B. Endocrine system
• C. Respiratory system
• D. Digestive system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The tonsils and adenoids are part of the lymphatic system, not the respiratory, endocrine, or digestive systems. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's defense against infections and diseases by producing white blood cells and lymphatic fluid, which help in filtering harmful substances. The respiratory system is primarily responsible for breathing and gas exchange in the body, the endocrine system regulates hormones, and the digestive system is involved in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from food. Therefore, the correct answer is the lymphatic system.

2. In which position allows access to the stomach?

• A. Medial
• B. Prone
• C. Superficial
• D. Supine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The question now specifies the need for a position that allows access to the stomach. The correct answer is 'B: Prone.' In the prone position, the patient lies face down, which facilitates access to the stomach for various procedures or examinations. Choice A, 'Medial,' refers to a direction rather than a patient position. Choice C, 'Superficial,' describes a superficial depth rather than a patient position. Choice D, 'Supine,' is a position where the patient lies face up, which does not provide easy access to the stomach.

3. What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?

• A. To break down hydrogen peroxide
• B. To synthesize lipids and other cellular components
• C. To package and transport proteins
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. One of the main functions of peroxisomes is to break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of metabolism, into water and oxygen through the action of the enzyme catalase. This process helps protect the cell from oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. While peroxisomes are involved in other metabolic functions such as lipid metabolism and the synthesis of bile acids, their primary role is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because peroxisomes are not primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids, packaging and transporting proteins, or storing genetic material within the cell.

4. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

• A. Bronchi
• B. Trachea
• C. Alveoli
• D. Pleura

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled. The bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea, which is the windpipe connecting the larynx to the bronchi. The pleura is a membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity, providing protection and lubrication for the lungs but not directly involved in gas exchange.

5. What is the main function of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

• A. They are responsible for holding the nucleus together.
• B. They are involved in forming bonds with other atoms.
• C. They determine the element's physical properties.
• D. They play no role in chemical reactions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. These electrons are involved in forming bonds with other atoms, which is crucial for chemical bonding. By participating in bonding, valence electrons determine an atom's ability to form compounds and engage in chemical reactions. Therefore, the primary function of valence electrons is to facilitate the formation of bonds between atoms, making option B the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because valence electrons primarily influence chemical bonding by participating in the formation of bonds between atoms, rather than holding the nucleus together, determining physical properties, or having no role in chemical reactions.

Similar Questions