Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following substances is an example of an acidic gas?

• A. Nitrogen (N₂)
• B. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• C. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)
• D. Oxygen (O₂)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Sulfur dioxide is an acidic gas because when dissolved in water, it forms sulfurous acid, which imparts acidic properties. Nitrogen (N₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and oxygen (O₂) are not considered acidic gases. Nitrogen is a neutral gas, carbon dioxide forms a weakly acidic solution when dissolved in water, and oxygen is a neutral gas.

2. During which developmental process does the first trimester of gestation roughly correspond?

• A. Embryogenesis
• B. Fertilization
• C. Meiosis
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Embryogenesis. The first trimester of gestation involves the process of embryogenesis, where the basic structures of the embryo are formed. This period is critical for the development of major organ systems and the establishment of the embryo's overall body plan. Fertilization occurs at the beginning of pregnancy when the sperm fertilizes the egg, marking the start of embryonic development. Meiosis is a cell division process that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.

3. During REM sleep, which type of brain wave activity is often seen and associated with dreaming?

• A. Delta waves
• B. Alpha waves
• C. Beta waves
• D. Theta waves

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Theta waves are the correct answer as they are often seen during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, the stage of sleep closely related to dreaming. Theta waves have a frequency of 4-7 Hz and are typically present during deep relaxation, meditation, and light sleep stages. Delta waves (choice A) are associated with deep sleep stages, not REM sleep. Alpha waves (choice B) are present during wakefulness and relaxation but not predominantly during REM sleep. Beta waves (choice C) are associated with alertness, problem-solving, and active thinking, not specifically with REM sleep or dreaming.

4. Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artery. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs, and lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and transporting white blood cells.

5. Which organelle is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The nucleus is the organelle responsible for controlling the activities of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and serves as the command center of the cell, regulating gene expression and directing cellular activities. The nucleus plays a crucial role in cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction. While the Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, none of these organelles have the primary function of controlling the activities of the cell like the nucleus does. Therefore, the correct answer is the nucleus.

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