Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following substances is an example of an acidic gas?

• A. Nitrogen (Nâ‚‚)
• B. Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚)
• C. Sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚)
• D. Oxygen (Oâ‚‚)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚). Sulfur dioxide is an acidic gas because when dissolved in water, it forms sulfurous acid, which imparts acidic properties. Nitrogen (Nâ‚‚), carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), and oxygen (Oâ‚‚) are not considered acidic gases. Nitrogen is a neutral gas, carbon dioxide forms a weakly acidic solution when dissolved in water, and oxygen is a neutral gas.

2. What is the name of the white blood cells that attack foreign invaders?

• A. Phagocytes
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Platelets
• D. Red blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and digesting foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. They are part of the body's innate immune response and are essential for protecting the body against infections. Lymphocytes, on the other hand, are another type of white blood cell involved in the adaptive immune response, producing antibodies, and coordinating immune responses. Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting, while red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is Phagocytes (Choice A) because they are specifically tasked with attacking and destroying foreign invaders in the body, distinguishing them from the other choices which have different functions within the immune system.

3. Which term refers to a position toward the feet? For example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity.

• A. Anterior
• B. Posterior
• C. Superior
• D. Inferior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Inferior.' 'Inferior' refers to a position located towards the feet or lower part of the body. This is the opposite of 'superior,' which indicates a position towards the head or upper part of the body. 'Anterior' refers to the front of the body, 'posterior' refers to the back of the body, making them incorrect choices in this context.

4. What is glucagon, where is it produced, and what is its function?

• A. Produced in the liver, releases glucose
• B. Produced in the pancreas, raises blood sugar
• C. Produced in the pancreas, lowers blood sugar
• D. Produced in the adrenal glands, regulates stress response

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is a hormone produced in the pancreas and functions to raise blood sugar levels. It does so by signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is B, 'Produced in the pancreas, raises blood sugar.' Choices A, C, and D describe functions or locations of other hormones, not glucagon. Glucagon is specifically released by alpha cells in the pancreas, making option B the correct choice.

5. What is a benefit of a taxonomic system?

• A. Researchers can describe how living things behave.
• B. Researchers can develop names for new organisms.
• C. Living things can be distinguished from nonliving things.
• D. Living things can be classified based on their molecular traits.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A taxonomic system allows scientists to classify living organisms based on their molecular and genetic traits. This classification helps in understanding the relationships and evolutionary history of different organisms, providing insights into their characteristics and behaviors. Choices A, B, and C do not directly relate to the primary purpose and benefit of a taxonomic system, which is the systematic classification of organisms.

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