Nursing Elites

1. What is the science of classifying organisms into different groups based on their evolutionary relationships called?

• A. Taxonomy
• B. Microbiology
• C. Genetics
• D. Epidemiology

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into different groups based on their evolutionary relationships. It involves identifying, naming, and categorizing living organisms according to their similarities and differences, helping us understand the diversity of life. Microbiology (option B) focuses on the study of microorganisms. Genetics (option C) deals with genes and heredity. Epidemiology (option D) explores the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. Therefore, the correct answer is Taxonomy as it specifically pertains to the classification of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships.

2. What is the end result of mitosis in animal cells?

• A. The production of two identical daughter cells
• B. The production of four haploid cells
• C. The production of a single diploid cell
• D. The production of a single haploid cell

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is a type of cell division specific to eukaryotic cells that results in the production of two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic material as the parent cell. This process is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and maintaining a constant number of chromosomes in multicellular organisms. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are segregated into two separate nuclei, followed by the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as mitosis does not lead to the production of four haploid cells, a single diploid cell, or a single haploid cell. The correct answer is A because mitosis results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell, allowing for growth and replacement of damaged cells in multicellular organisms.

3. How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?

• A. Water increases temperature.
• B. Water keeps temperature stable.
• C. Water decreases temperature.
• D. Water does not affect temperature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release a large amount of heat energy without causing a significant change in temperature. This property allows water to help regulate the temperature of living things by buffering against sudden temperature changes in the environment. Overall, water helps to maintain a stable temperature within living organisms, which is crucial for their survival and physiological processes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because water's high specific heat capacity enables it to stabilize temperatures rather than increasing, decreasing, or having no effect on them.

4. Which of the following is considered an intensive property?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Density is an intensive property because it does not depend on the amount of matter present. Intensive properties are independent of the quantity of the substance and remain constant regardless of the size or amount of the sample being measured. Mass, weight, and volume are extensive properties that depend on the amount of substance present. Mass and weight change with the amount of matter, while volume changes as the quantity of the substance changes. Therefore, they are not considered intensive properties.

5. What is the breakdown product of creatine phosphate, an energy source used for short bursts of muscle activity?

• A. Glucose
• B. Lactic acid
• C. Carbon dioxide
• D. Creatine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Creatine phosphate is utilized as an immediate energy source for short bursts of muscle activity. When it breaks down, it yields lactic acid as a byproduct. Lactic acid accumulation during intense exercise can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness. Therefore, the correct answer is lactic acid. The other choices are incorrect: Glucose is a different energy source derived from carbohydrates; Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration, not specifically from creatine phosphate breakdown; Creatine is the precursor compound to creatine phosphate and is not the breakdown product.

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