the outermost layer of the skin providing protection against pathogens and the environment is the

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science practice

1. Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection against pathogens and the environment?

A. Dermis
B. Epidermis
C. Hypodermis
D. Stratum corneum (part of the epidermis)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The epidermis is the correct answer as it is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection against pathogens and the environment. It consists of multiple layers, including the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of the epidermis. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis, offering structural support and housing blood vessels, nerves, and glands. The hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin, made up of fat and connective tissue that secures the skin to underlying structures. Choice A, Dermis, is incorrect as it is located beneath the epidermis. Choice C, Hypodermis, is incorrect as it is the deepest layer of the skin, not the outermost. Choice D, Stratum corneum (part of the epidermis), is not the correct answer as it is a specific layer within the epidermis and not the overall outermost layer of the skin.

2. What is the relationship between work and kinetic energy?

A. Work is the cause of kinetic energy
B. Kinetic energy is the result of work
C. Work and kinetic energy are equivalent
D. Work and kinetic energy are independent

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the transfer of energy that results in an object's displacement. When work is done on an object, it gains kinetic energy. This means that work is the cause of kinetic energy, as the energy transferred through work leads to the object's motion, which is represented by kinetic energy. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choice B is incorrect because kinetic energy is the result of work, not the other way around. Choice C is incorrect as work and kinetic energy are not equivalent but rather interconnected. Choice D is incorrect as work and kinetic energy are not independent; work leads to changes in kinetic energy.

3. The adrenal glands are part of the

A. immune system
B. endocrine system
C. lymphatic system
D. respiratory system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: endocrine system. The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. These small, triangular-shaped glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone. These hormones play a vital role in regulating various body functions, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the adrenal glands are not part of the immune system, lymphatic system, or respiratory system. While the immune system is involved in protecting the body from infections and diseases, the lymphatic system helps in maintaining fluid balance and immune function, and the respiratory system is responsible for breathing and gas exchange in the body.

4. What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron?

A. Sensory neurons carry signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system, while motor neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
B. Sensory neurons control voluntary muscles, while motor neurons control involuntary muscles.
C. Sensory neurons are located in the peripheral nervous system, while motor neurons are located in the central nervous system.
D. Sensory neurons detect light, while motor neurons detect sound.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sensory neurons are responsible for carrying signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), allowing the brain to receive information about the external environment. On the other hand, motor neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling the brain to control voluntary and involuntary movements. Choice B is incorrect because sensory neurons do not control muscles, and motor neurons control both voluntary and involuntary muscles. Choice C is incorrect as sensory neurons are located in the peripheral nervous system, while motor neurons are located in the central nervous system. Choice D is incorrect because sensory neurons detect various stimuli such as touch, taste, smell, and sound, while motor neurons are not involved in detecting sensory stimuli.

5. The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is an example of a:

A. Sesamoid bone
B. Long bone
C. Short bone
D. Irregular bone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The patella, also known as the kneecap, is an example of a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones develop within tendons, such as the patellar tendon in this case. The patella is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps muscle, enhancing the mechanical advantage of the muscle and protecting the knee joint. Long bones, like the femur, are characterized by their elongated shape with growth plates at the ends. Short bones, such as those in the wrist and ankle, are cube-shaped bones. Irregular bones, like vertebrae, do not fit into the other bone shape categories due to their unique shapes and functions.