Nursing Elites

1. What is the muscular tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra called?

• A. Epididymis
• B. Vas deferens
• C. Seminal vesicle
• D. Cowper's gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the vas deferens. It is the muscular tube responsible for carrying sperm from the testes to the urethra. After sperm is produced in the testes, it moves to the epididymis for maturation and storage. The seminal vesicle contributes fluid to semen, but it is not the tube that transports sperm. Cowper's gland also adds fluid to semen but is not involved in transporting sperm. Therefore, the vas deferens is the accurate choice for the muscular tube that transports sperm.

2. What is bile, where is it produced, where is it stored, and what is its function?

• A. Produced in the pancreas, stored in the liver, aids in digestion
• B. Produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, aids in fat digestion
• C. Produced in the stomach, stored in the pancreas, neutralizes acid
• D. Produced in the gallbladder, stored in the liver, breaks down proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile is a digestive fluid produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and it aids in the digestion of fats by emulsifying them. Emulsification helps to break down fats into smaller particles, facilitating their digestion by enzymes in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because bile is not produced in the pancreas, and it is not stored in the liver. Choice C is incorrect as bile is not produced in the stomach, and it does not neutralize acid. Choice D is also incorrect as bile is not produced in the gallbladder, and its primary function is not to break down proteins.

3. What is the primary function of the spleen, an organ associated with the lymphatic system?

• A. Regulating blood sugar levels
• B. Filtering blood and destroying old red blood cells
• C. Producing digestive enzymes
• D. Secreting hormones

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The spleen is primarily responsible for filtering blood and destroying old or damaged red blood cells. It also aids in storing blood and producing specific types of white blood cells, contributing to maintaining blood quality and immune system function. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the spleen is not involved in regulating blood sugar levels, producing digestive enzymes, or secreting hormones. These functions are carried out by other organs in the body.

4. Which statement most accurately compares and contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?

• A. Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases. Three of the bases are the same, but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.
• B. Both DNA and RNA have the same 4 nucleotide bases. However, the nucleotides bond differently in DNA compared to RNA.
• C. Both DNA and RNA have different numbers of nucleotide bases. DNA is a double helix while RNA is a single strand.
• D. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure. However, DNA contains 6 nucleotide bases and RNA contains 4 nucleotide bases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because DNA and RNA both consist of 4 nucleotide bases, namely adenine, cytosine, and guanine, which are common in both. The key difference lies in the fourth base, which is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. This distinction is fundamental in understanding the structural variances between DNA and RNA. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that the nucleotides bond differently in DNA compared to RNA without specifying the crucial base differences. Choice C is inaccurate as it misrepresents the numbers of nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA, and incorrectly describes DNA as a double helix and RNA as a single strand, which is not related to the difference in bases. Choice D is incorrect as it inaccurately portrays DNA with 6 nucleotide bases and RNA with 4, which is not true; both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, but with differences in one of the bases.

5. The number of protons in an atom is determined by its:

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Electron configuration
• C. Chemical properties
• D. Atomic number

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is determined by its atomic number. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also determines the element's identity. Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Atomic number. Choices (A) Atomic mass, (B) Electron configuration, and (C) Chemical properties are not directly related to the number of protons in an atom. Atomic mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels, and chemical properties are determined by the arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level.

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