Nursing Elites

1. What is the muscular tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra called?

• A. Epididymis
• B. Vas deferens
• C. Seminal vesicle
• D. Cowper's gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the vas deferens. It is the muscular tube responsible for carrying sperm from the testes to the urethra. After sperm is produced in the testes, it moves to the epididymis for maturation and storage. The seminal vesicle contributes fluid to semen, but it is not the tube that transports sperm. Cowper's gland also adds fluid to semen but is not involved in transporting sperm. Therefore, the vas deferens is the accurate choice for the muscular tube that transports sperm.

2. What are the three main types of RNA?

• A. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
• B. DNA, RNA, and protein
• C. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
• D. Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B lists DNA, RNA, and protein, which are biomolecules but not the three main types of RNA. - Option C lists nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) found in DNA, not types of RNA. - Option D lists components of nucleotides (deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate), which are building blocks of nucleic

3. How can bacteria acquire new genetic material from their environment?

• A. Transformation
• B. Transduction
• C. Conjugation
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Transformation: Transformation is the process by which bacteria can take up free DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their own genome, leading to the acquisition of new genetic material and traits. B) Transduction: Transduction involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. The bacteriophage carries bacterial DNA from one host cell to another, facilitating the transfer of genetic material. C) Conjugation: Conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where genetic material is transferred between two bacterial cells in direct contact. This transfer is facilitated by a conjugative plasmid carrying the genetic information. Therefore, all the processes mentioned (transformation, transduction, and conjugation) are ways in which bacteria can acquire new genetic material from their environment.

4. Which statement accurately describes the periodic trends in atomic radius?

• A. Increases down a group and decreases across a period
• B. Decreases down a group and increases across a period
• C. Remains constant throughout the table
• D. Fluctuates unpredictably based on individual elements

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is that atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period. When moving down a group, additional electron shells increase the distance from the nucleus, leading to larger atomic radii. On the other hand, when moving across a period, the number of electron shells remains constant, but the increasing nuclear charge pulls electrons closer, resulting in smaller radii. Choice B is incorrect because atomic radius does not decrease down a group and increase across a period. Choice C is incorrect because atomic radius does not remain constant; it exhibits specific trends. Choice D is incorrect because atomic radius follows predictable trends based on the periodic table structure, rather than fluctuating unpredictably.

5. What is an alteration in the normal gene sequence called?

• A. DNA mutation
• B. Gene migration
• C. Polygenic inheritance
• D. Incomplete dominance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A DNA mutation is the correct term used to describe an alteration in the normal gene sequence. It refers to changes in the DNA sequence that can result in different traits or characteristics. Gene migration involves the movement of genes between populations, polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits controlled by multiple genes, and incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant.

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