Nursing Elites

1. Which term describes a position closer to the center of the body?

• A. Distal
• B. Proximal
• C. Lateral
• D. Medial

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proximal. Proximal is used to describe a position closer to the center of the body. Distal, the incorrect choice, refers to a position farther away from the center. Lateral, another incorrect choice, indicates a position on the side of the body. Medial, also an incorrect option, describes a position towards the middle or midline of the body.

2. A patient's body is not properly filtering blood. Which of the following body parts is most likely malfunctioning?

• A. Medulla
• B. Heart
• C. Nephrons
• D. Renal cortex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products to form urine. If a patient's body is not properly filtering blood, it is most likely due to dysfunction or impairment in the nephrons of the kidneys. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not filtering it, making choice B incorrect. The medulla and renal cortex are specific parts of the kidney but do not directly perform the filtration function carried out by the nephrons, making choices A and D incorrect.

3. What is the function of platelets in the blood?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To clot blood
• C. To fight infection
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in clotting blood to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. They are responsible for initiating the coagulation process by forming clots at the site of injury, sealing the damaged blood vessels, and preventing further blood loss. Platelets do not primarily transport oxygen, fight infection, or transport nutrients. While red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, white blood cells are involved in fighting infections, and nutrients are transported by plasma, platelets' main function is related to hemostasis and wound healing.

4. What is the relationship between work and energy?

• A. Work is the rate of energy transfer
• B. Work and energy are the same concepts
• C. Work is the result of energy
• D. Work changes an object's energy from one form to another

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the transfer of energy from one system to another. It is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted. Therefore, work is the rate of energy transfer, making option A the correct choice. Work involves the transfer or conversion of energy, but it is not the same as energy itself, nor is it the result of energy. Additionally, work does not change an object's energy from one form to another; instead, it involves the transfer of energy.

5. Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters?

• A. The thoracic cavity
• B. The pelvic cavity
• C. The abdominal cavity
• D. The spinal cavity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity houses organs related to the urinary and reproductive systems. The urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters are located in the pelvic cavity, making it the correct choice. The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs, while the abdominal cavity houses organs like the stomach and intestines. The spinal cavity, on the other hand, protects the spinal cord. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not house the specific organs mentioned in the question.

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