Nursing Elites

1. Which structure protects the lungs?

• A. Femur
• B. Ribcage
• C. Scapula
• D. Skull

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ribcage is the correct answer. It protects the lungs by providing structural support and shielding them from injury. The femur is a bone in the thigh and does not protect the lungs. The scapula is a shoulder blade bone, and the skull protects the brain, not the lungs.

2. Which property of matter refers to the amount of space occupied by an object and is measured in cubic units?

• A. Mass
• B. Density
• C. Weight
• D. Volume

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Volume is the property of matter that refers to the amount of space occupied by an object. It is measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters or cubic centimeters. Mass, on the other hand, is the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. In this question, the key concept is the space occupied by an object, which directly relates to volume, making it the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically pertain to the amount of space occupied by an object.

3. The number of protons in an atom is determined by its:

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Electron configuration
• C. Chemical properties
• D. Atomic number

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is determined by its atomic number. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also determines the element's identity. Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Atomic number. Choices (A) Atomic mass, (B) Electron configuration, and (C) Chemical properties are not directly related to the number of protons in an atom. Atomic mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels, and chemical properties are determined by the arrangement of electrons in the outermost energy level.

4. The pH scale is used to indicate the concentration of:

• A. Hydrogen ions
• B. Oxygen
• C. Salts
• D. Sugar molecules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, representing its acidity or basicity. A lower pH value indicates higher hydrogen ion concentration and acidity, while a higher pH value indicates lower hydrogen ion concentration and basicity. Choice A, 'Hydrogen ions,' is the correct answer because the pH scale specifically measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the pH scale is not used to indicate the concentration of oxygen, salts, or sugar molecules.

5. What is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Kidney failure
• C. Incontinence
• D. Nephritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kidney failure is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Dehydration refers to insufficient fluid intake and not the kidney's filtering function. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control, not related to kidney filtration. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys, not specifically related to the kidneys' inability to filter waste products.

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