Nursing Elites

1. How does the skeletal system work with the nervous system?

• A. The bones transmit signals about body position to the brain.
• B. Pain nerves within bones notify the brain of injuries.
• C. The vertebrae of the spine protect the spinal cord.
• D. Bone marrow generates and houses nerve cells.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The skeletal system collaborates with the nervous system by providing protection and support for critical nervous system components. The vertebrae of the spine play a crucial role in safeguarding the spinal cord, a key component of the nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. Protecting the spinal cord is essential to prevent neurological complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while bones do play a role in body position and can sense pain, the primary focus of the skeletal system's interaction with the nervous system is to protect vital components like the spinal cord, rather than generating nerve cells.

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Brainstem
• D. Medulla oblongata

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cerebellum is the correct answer. It is responsible for controlling balance, coordination, and fine motor movements. The cerebrum is mainly associated with higher brain functions such as thinking and decision-making, not specifically balance and coordination. The brainstem is responsible for basic life functions like breathing and heartbeat, while the medulla oblongata is involved in regulating autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Therefore, the cerebellum stands out as the key brain region for maintaining physical control and movement.

3. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To absorb oxygen
• B. To transport nutrients
• C. To produce sound and speech
• D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to absorb oxygen from the air into the bloodstream and expel carbon dioxide from the body. This process is essential for cellular respiration and the production of energy in the body. Option A, 'To absorb oxygen,' aligns with this crucial function, making it the correct choice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is not responsible for transporting nutrients (choice B), producing sound and speech (choice C), or regulating blood pressure (choice D).

4. Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts during lactation?

• A. norepinephrine
• B. antidiuretic hormone
• C. prolactin
• D. oxytocin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During lactation, the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts is 'prolactin.' Prolactin plays a crucial role in initiating and maintaining lactation by promoting the development of alveoli in the mammary glands and stimulating milk synthesis. While oxytocin is involved in the ejection of milk from the breasts, it is prolactin that primarily governs milk production. Norepinephrine is not directly involved in milk production, and antidiuretic hormone primarily regulates water balance and blood pressure, not milk production.

5. Which brain structure is involved in memory formation?

• A. Hippocampus
• B. Amygdala
• C. Cerebellum
• D. Medulla oblongata

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The hippocampus is the correct answer. It plays a crucial role in memory formation, particularly in the creation of new memories and their association with learning and emotions. Damage to the hippocampus can result in memory impairments, highlighting its significance in cognitive functions. The amygdala (Choice B) is involved in the processing of emotions, while the cerebellum (Choice C) is primarily associated with motor control and coordination. The medulla oblongata (Choice D) is responsible for vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate regulation, not memory formation.

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