Nursing Elites

1. How does the skeletal system work with the nervous system?

• A. The bones transmit signals about body position to the brain.
• B. Pain nerves within bones notify the brain of injuries.
• C. The vertebrae of the spine protect the spinal cord.
• D. Bone marrow generates and houses nerve cells.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The skeletal system collaborates with the nervous system by providing protection and support for critical nervous system components. The vertebrae of the spine play a crucial role in safeguarding the spinal cord, a key component of the nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the body. Protecting the spinal cord is essential to prevent neurological complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while bones do play a role in body position and can sense pain, the primary focus of the skeletal system's interaction with the nervous system is to protect vital components like the spinal cord, rather than generating nerve cells.

2. Which muscle is responsible for breathing?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. Intercostal muscles
• C. Rectus abdominis
• D. Pectoralis major

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for breathing. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity. When it contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing inhalation. When it relaxes, it returns to its dome shape, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing exhalation. The intercostal muscles, located between the ribs, assist the diaphragm in breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity. The rectus abdominis and pectoralis major are not directly involved in the process of breathing.

3. The sebaceous glands are part of which system?

• A. Endocrine system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Respiratory system
• D. Integumentary system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The sebaceous glands are a component of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated structures. Sebaceous glands are typically found throughout the skin and are responsible for producing an oily substance called sebum, which helps keep the skin and hair lubricated and moisturized. The endocrine system (Choice A) consists of glands that produce hormones, the digestive system (Choice B) is responsible for processing food, and the respiratory system (Choice C) is involved in breathing and gas exchange.

4. What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To secrete digestive enzymes
• C. To produce bile
• D. To store glucose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the process of breaking down food particles into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body for nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary function of the pancreas is not to absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose in digestion.

5. What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. Absorbing nutrients
• B. Absorbing water and forming solid waste
• C. Breaking down fats
• D. Secreting digestive enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing water and forming solid waste. The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water from the remaining indigestible food matter and forming solid waste (feces) to be excreted from the body. This process helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance and eliminating waste efficiently. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients, breaking down fats, or secreting digestive enzymes. These functions are mainly carried out in the small intestine.

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