Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not a component of the central nervous system?

• A. Brain
• B. Heart
• C. Retina
• D. Spinal cord

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and transmitting information. The retina, though part of the eye, is an extension of the central nervous system. However, the heart is part of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the heart as it is not a component of the central nervous system.

2. What is the main function of the endocrine system?

• A. To fight infections
• B. To regulate body functions through hormones
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To transport oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the endocrine system is to regulate various body functions by releasing hormones, which act as chemical messengers. These hormones help maintain homeostasis, regulate metabolism, growth, development, and other essential functions in the body. Option A is incorrect as fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, not the endocrine system. Option C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells mainly occurs in the bone marrow. Option D is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by the respiratory and circulatory systems. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the primary role of the endocrine system.

3. The corpus callosum facilitates communication between which brain structures?

• A. the left and right brain
• B. the skeletal and neural systems
• C. the brain and spinal cord
• D. the thalamus and hypothalamus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corpus callosum is a structure in the brain that enables communication between the two hemispheres. It allows for the transfer of various types of information, such as motor, sensory, and cognitive, between the left and right brain hemispheres, aiding in overall brain function and integration of tasks. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum.

4. Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?

• A. FSH
• B. Estrogen
• C. LH
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Progesterone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy. It promotes the growth of blood vessels and glands in the endometrial lining, making it conducive for implantation and supporting early pregnancy. While estrogen helps in thickening the endometrium, it is progesterone that plays a crucial role in preparing it for pregnancy. FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) is involved in stimulating ovarian follicles, not directly in preparing the endometrium. LH (Luteinizing hormone) triggers ovulation but does not primarily prepare the endometrium for pregnancy.

5. Which cellular structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ribosome. Ribosomes, the cellular structures located in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum, are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are the sites where mRNA is translated into proteins, making them essential for the synthesis of proteins in all living cells. The other choices, such as the nucleus (choice A), endoplasmic reticulum (choice C), and Golgi apparatus (choice D), are not directly involved in protein synthesis. The nucleus contains DNA and is responsible for housing the genetic material, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein folding and transport, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

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