how might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury

HESI A2

Anatomy HESI A2

1. How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?

A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
C. By reducing vertebral compression
D. By preventing disc degeneration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The headrest on a car is designed to prevent traumatic injury by limiting hyperextension of the neck during a rear-end collision. This helps reduce the risk of whiplash and other neck injuries that may occur when the head is forcefully thrown backward. Choice A is incorrect because hyperflexion is not the primary concern in rear-end collisions. Choice C is incorrect as the headrest does not directly reduce vertebral compression. Choice D is incorrect because the headrest is not directly involved in preventing disc degeneration.

2. To which two systems does the urethra belong?

A. Reproductive and endocrine
B. Urinary and reproductive
C. Endocrine and urinary
D. Digestive and cardiovascular

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The urethra belongs to both the urinary and reproductive systems. In the urinary system, it functions as a passage for urine from the bladder to exit the body. In the reproductive system, it serves as a conduit for the expulsion of semen during ejaculation. Choice A is incorrect because the urethra is not part of the endocrine system. Choice C is also incorrect because the urethra is not primarily associated with the endocrine system. Choice D is incorrect as the urethra is not part of the digestive or cardiovascular systems.

3. Which vitamin is essential for vision and skin health?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin A is the correct answer. It is crucial for maintaining healthy vision and skin. Vitamin A plays a vital role in supporting normal vision, skin health, and immune function. Specifically, it is important for the health of the retina and is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, a protein in the retina necessary for low-light and color vision. Vitamin C (Choice B) is important for collagen synthesis and immune function, but it is not primarily associated with vision health. Vitamin D (Choice C) is crucial for bone health and immune function, while Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage, but neither are primarily linked to vision and skin health like Vitamin A.

4. Which type of blood cell is involved in clotting?

A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are responsible for forming blood clots to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured, making them the correct choice in this context. Red blood cells (Choice A) are primarily involved in oxygen transport, white blood cells (Choice B) are part of the immune system, and plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances.

5. The epidermis is classified as which of the following?

A. Cell
B. Tissue
C. Organ
D. System

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The epidermis is classified as a tissue, more specifically as a layer of cells that form the outermost part of the skin. It is composed of multiple layers of cells that protect underlying tissues and regulate various functions related to the skin. Choice A, Cell, is incorrect because the epidermis is not just a single cell but rather a collection of cells. Choice C, Organ, is incorrect because the epidermis is not an organ on its own but rather a part of an organ, the skin. Choice D, System, is incorrect because the epidermis is not a system but rather a component of the integumentary system.