Nursing Elites

1. The above experimental design description is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

• A. field experiment
• B. natural experiment
• C. controlled experiment
• D. observational study

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The above experimental design description involves the manipulation of an independent variable (light exposure) to observe its effects on the dependent variable (plant growth) under controlled conditions. In a controlled experiment, researchers actively manipulate one or more variables while keeping all other variables constant to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Choice A, a field experiment, typically takes place in a real-world setting but still involves manipulation and control of variables. Choice B, a natural experiment, involves observing naturally occurring differences in variables without researcher intervention. Choice D, an observational study, does not involve manipulation of variables, making it different from the described experimental design.

2. Which of the following statements is true about Noble gases?

• A. They are non-reactive.
• B. They are highly reactive.
• C. They have 8 valence electrons.
• D. They have 7 valence electrons.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Noble gases are non-reactive because they have a full valence shell with 8 electrons, making them stable and unlikely to form chemical bonds with other elements. Choice B is incorrect because Noble gases are known for their inertness and lack of reactivity. Choice C is incorrect because Noble gases have 8 valence electrons, which is a key characteristic that contributes to their stability. Choice D is incorrect because Noble gases have 8 valence electrons, not 7.

3. What property of a wave represents the distance between two successive identical points on a wave?

• A. Wavelength
• B. Amplitude
• C. Frequency
• D. Period

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The wavelength of a wave represents the distance between two successive identical points on a wave, such as two crests or two troughs. It is typically measured in meters and is a fundamental characteristic of a wave, influencing its properties and behavior. Wavelength is crucial in wave physics, affecting phenomena like interference, diffraction, and the wave's speed in a medium. Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position, frequency is the number of complete oscillations a wave makes in a given time, and period is the time it takes for a wave to complete one full cycle. These properties are different from wavelength and serve distinct purposes in describing waves.

4. In the reaction 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3, what is the mole ratio of aluminum to oxygen?

• A. 4:3
• B. 2:3
• C. 3:2
• D. 3:4

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation shows that 4 moles of aluminum react with 3 moles of oxygen to produce 2 moles of aluminum oxide. Therefore, the mole ratio of aluminum to oxygen is 4:3. Choice B (2:3) is incorrect because it does not reflect the correct ratio based on the balanced equation. Choice C (3:2) and Choice D (3:4) are also incorrect as they do not represent the correct mole ratio of aluminum to oxygen according to the balanced chemical equation.

5. What occurs in each of the three phases of the uterine cycle?

• A. Proliferative: uterine lining thickens
• B. Secretory: ovulation occurs
• C. Menstrual: uterine lining sheds
• D. Proliferative: uterine lining thickens

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, the uterine lining thickens in preparation for a possible pregnancy. Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the cycle. The menstrual phase is when the uterine lining sheds if pregnancy has not occurred. Choice A is a duplicate of the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as ovulation occurs during the mid-cycle, which is the ovulatory phase, not the secretory phase. Choice C is incorrect because the uterine lining sheds during the menstrual phase, not the secretory phase.

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