Nursing Elites

1. If both parents have polydactylism, what percentage of their offspring is predicted to manifest the anomaly?

• A. 25%
• B. 50%
• C. 75%
• D. 100%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When both parents have polydactylism, they each possess at least one dominant allele for polydactylism. Through a Punnett square analysis, it can be determined that 50% of their offspring will inherit the dominant allele from both parents. This results in a 100% chance of manifesting the anomaly (2 out of 4 possibilities). Therefore, 50% of the offspring are predicted to manifest the anomaly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the principles of Mendelian genetics and Punnett square analysis.

2. If a test has poor internal consistency, which statement is true?

• A. The test produces different results at different times.
• B. The items do not correlate or measure similar things.
• C. The test produces different results depending on the researcher.
• D. The items never vary even when the test environment changes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct answer: If a test has poor internal consistency, it means that the items do not correlate or measure similar things. This lack of correlation indicates that the items in the test are not measuring the same underlying construct or concept, leading to unreliable results. Choice A is incorrect because poor internal consistency is not about producing different results at different times but rather about the lack of correlation among items. Choice C is incorrect because the issue lies within the test itself, not with different researchers. Choice D is incorrect because poor internal consistency implies that the items do vary in their measurement, contributing to the unreliability of the test.

3. Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoors?

• A. Blue
• B. Yellow
• C. Green
• D. Orange

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Blue light is the most effective color for growing green plants indoors. Blue light has a higher energy level compared to other colors, which is crucial for promoting vegetative growth, strong stems, and lush foliage in plants. Additionally, blue light helps regulate plant growth hormones, making it essential for the overall health and development of green plants. Yellow, green, and orange light do not provide the necessary energy levels or spectrum needed for optimal plant growth, making them less effective choices for growing green plants indoors.

4. Why can animal cells use a contractile ring but plant cells cannot?

• A. Plant cells can use both methods to divide
• B. Animal cells divide faster, requiring them to pinch apart
• C. Plant cells are too rigid to use a contractile ring
• D. N/A

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall surrounding them, which prevents them from using a contractile ring for cell division. The rigid cell wall requires plant cells to form a cell plate during cell division instead of pinching apart like animal cells with a contractile ring. Choice A is incorrect because plant cells cannot use a contractile ring due to their rigid cell wall. Choice B is incorrect as the speed of cell division is not the primary reason for the difference in cell division mechanisms between plant and animal cells. Choice D is not applicable as plant cells indeed have a specific limitation in using a contractile ring for cell division.

5. Which cells in the human body lack nuclei?

• A. Nerve cells
• B. Red blood cells
• C. Liver cells
• D. Connective tissue cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, lack nuclei in humans. This absence of a nucleus allows more space for hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen, making red blood cells efficient at their function of oxygen transport in the body. Nerve cells (Choice A), liver cells (Choice C), and connective tissue cells (Choice D) all possess nuclei as they require genetic material for their functions, such as cell signaling, protein synthesis, and structural support.

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