Nursing Elites

1. Ocean waves build during a storm until there is a vertical distance from the high point to the low point of 6 meters and a horizontal distance of 9 meters between adjacent crests. The waves hit the shore every 5 seconds. What is the speed of the waves?

• A. 1.2 m/s
• B. 1.8 m/s
• C. 2.0 m/s
• D. 2.4 m/s

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To find the speed of the waves, we use the formula: speed = wavelength / period. The wavelength is the horizontal distance between adjacent crests, which is 9 meters in this case. The period is the time it takes for one wave to pass a fixed point, given as 5 seconds. Therefore, speed = 9 meters / 5 seconds = 1.8 m/s. Choice A (1.2 m/s) is incorrect because it miscalculates the speed. Choice C (2.0 m/s) and Choice D (2.4 m/s) are incorrect as they do not correctly calculate the speed using the provided data.

2. When light travels from air into a denser medium like glass, its speed:

• A. Increases
• B. Decreases
• C. Remains constant
• D. Becomes unpredictable

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When light travels from air into a denser medium like glass, its speed decreases. This is because the higher refractive index of the denser medium causes light to slow down as it propagates through the medium. Choice A is incorrect because the speed of light decreases in a denser medium. Choice C is incorrect because the speed of light changes when it enters a denser medium. Choice D is incorrect because the change in speed is predictable based on the refractive index of the medium.

3. Household alternating current typically has a frequency of 60 Hz. Which statement is true?

• A. The circuit is suitable for lighting 60-watt bulbs.
• B. Circuits in the home may carry a current of 60 amperes.
• C. The expected voltage drop is 60 volts per meter.
• D. Electrons complete a cycle 60 times per second.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Electrons complete a cycle 60 times per second when the frequency of the current is 60 Hz. This frequency indicates that the current changes direction 60 times per second, causing the electrons to complete a full cycle back and forth through the circuit at the same rate. Choice A is incorrect because the power rating of a bulb (in watts) is not directly related to the frequency of the current. Choice B is incorrect as typical household circuits do not carry currents as high as 60 amperes. Choice C is incorrect as the expected voltage drop is not measured in volts per meter for household alternating current circuits.

4. Energy manifests in various forms. Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental energy type?

• A. Thermal energy
• B. Momentum
• C. Sound energy
• D. Chemical energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Momentum is not considered a form of energy; it is a property of moving objects. Thermal, sound, and chemical energy are all forms of energy. Thermal energy is the energy associated with the movement of particles within an object. Sound energy is produced by vibrations and travels through materials as waves. Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of chemical compounds. While momentum is a crucial concept in physics, it is not a fundamental form of energy.

5. A key parameter in fluid selection is specific gravity (SG). For a submerged object in a reference fluid (often water), SG = ρ_object / ρ_reference. An object with SG > 1 will:

• A. Experience a net buoyant force acting upwards
• B. Experience a net buoyant force acting downwards
• C. Remain neutrally buoyant
• D. Require knowledge of the object's volume for buoyancy determination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the specific gravity (SG) of an object is greater than 1, it indicates that the object is denser than the reference fluid, which is often water. According to Archimedes' principle, an object with SG > 1 will experience a net buoyant force acting upwards when submerged in the fluid. This is because the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, causing it to float. Therefore, the correct answer is A: 'Experience a net buoyant force acting upwards.' Objects with SG < 1 would sink as they are less dense than the fluid, while objects with SG = 1 would be neutrally buoyant, neither sinking nor floating.

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