Nursing Elites

1. Neurons, the functional units of the nervous system, belong to which tissue type?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system and are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. They belong to nervous tissue, which is the primary tissue type of the nervous system. Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because epithelial tissue functions mainly in covering and lining body surfaces, connective tissue provides support and structure, and muscle tissue is responsible for movement. Neurons, being the basic functional units of the nervous system, are specifically classified under nervous tissue.

2. What is the rigid structure that provides shape and support to plant cells?

• A. Cell wall
• B. Plasma membrane
• C. Nucleus
• D. Cytoplasm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the cell wall, as it is the rigid structure that provides shape and support to plant cells. The cell wall is located outside the plasma membrane and is primarily composed of cellulose, giving it its rigid nature. The plasma membrane (option B) is a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus (option C) houses the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities. Cytoplasm (option D) is the gel-like substance within the cell that surrounds organelles and where various cellular processes take place, but it does not provide the rigid structure and support that the cell wall does.

3. What does the P-wave in an ECG correspond to?

• A. Atrial repolarization
• B. Depolarization of SA node
• C. Ventricular depolarization
• D. Ventricular repolarization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The P-wave in an ECG represents the depolarization of the SA node and the atria, not atrial repolarization. Choice C, ventricular depolarization, is incorrect because the P-wave does not correspond to ventricular activity. Choice D, ventricular repolarization, is also incorrect as the P-wave does not depict ventricular repolarization. The correct interpretation is that the P-wave signifies the initiation of the electrical impulse at the SA node and subsequent atrial depolarization, making option B the correct answer.

4. What type of vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other tissues of the body?

• A. Veins
• B. Intestines
• C. Bronchioles
• D. Arteries

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to supply oxygen to the tissues and organs throughout the body. Veins, choice A, carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart, not oxygen-rich blood. Intestines, choice B, are part of the digestive system and do not play a role in carrying blood. Bronchioles, choice C, are small air passages in the lungs responsible for carrying air, not blood.

5. What enzymes do lysosomes contain, leading to their nickname as the cell's 'suicide bags'?

• A. Hydrolytic enzymes
• B. Ligases (bonding enzymes)
• C. Transferases (molecule transfer)
• D. Oxidoreductases (redox reactions)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Lysosomes are organelles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. These enzymes aid in digesting cellular waste and foreign substances, hence the term 'suicide bags' due to their involvement in cell degradation and recycling. Ligases are enzymes that catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, not present in lysosomes. Transferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another, not found in lysosomes. Oxidoreductases are enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, which are not the primary function of lysosomes.

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