Nursing Elites

1. Iron is a transition metal, which means it often forms a cation with a charge of what?

• A. 2- or 3-
• B. 1-
• C. 2+ or 3+
• D. 1+

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 2+ or 3+. Transition metals, like iron, are known for their ability to exhibit variable oxidation states. This characteristic allows them to form cations with charges such as 2+ or 3+. Specifically, iron can form cations with these charges due to the varying electron configurations in its d-orbitals. The other choices are incorrect because transition metals typically form positively charged cations, not negatively charged ones. Additionally, while iron can form cations with charges of 2+ or 3+, it does not commonly form cations with charges of 1- or 1+. Transition metal cations play a crucial role in forming coordination complexes with ligands, highlighting their importance in various chemical reactions.

2. What property best describes the characteristic that nuclear forces are much stronger than electromagnetic forces at the nuclear level?

• A. Short-range interaction
• B. Long-range interaction
• C. Repulsive force
• D. Dependent on charge only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Short-range interaction. Nuclear forces are much stronger than electromagnetic forces at the nuclear level because they are short-range interactions that act over distances on the order of the size of an atomic nucleus. This short-range nature of nuclear forces allows them to be much stronger than the long-range electromagnetic forces, which weaken with distance according to the inverse square law. Choice B, long-range interaction, is incorrect because nuclear forces are short-range. Choice C, repulsive force, is incorrect as nuclear forces include both attractive and repulsive components. Choice D, dependent on charge only, is incorrect because nuclear forces are not solely determined by charge but also involve other factors like spin and isospin.

3. In a scientific investigation, what is the first step?

• A. Analysis of results
• B. Drawing conclusions
• C. Formation of hypothesis
• D. Performing the experiment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Formation of hypothesis. In a scientific investigation, forming a hypothesis is the initial step. A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction based on existing knowledge and observations. It helps guide the experiment and provides a direction for the research process. Without a hypothesis, there is no specific aim or goal for the experiment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they occur after the formation of a hypothesis. Analysis of results and drawing conclusions typically come after the experiment has been conducted, while performing the experiment is done to test the hypothesis formed at the beginning of the investigation.

4. What effect does doubling the net force applied to an object have on its acceleration, assuming mass remains constant?

• A. Acceleration doubles
• B. Acceleration is halved
• C. Acceleration remains the same
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: A

Rationale: According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied to an object when mass is constant. Therefore, if the net force is doubled, the acceleration of the object will also double. This relationship is expressed by the formula F=ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. When mass is constant, doubling the force applied will result in a proportional doubling of acceleration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because doubling the net force does not halve, maintain, or quadruple the acceleration; it directly and proportionally increases the acceleration.

5. What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

• A. Air is expelled from the lungs.
• B. The lungs expand to allow air intake.
• C. The vocal cords vibrate to produce sound.
• D. The trachea narrows to control airflow.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. This expansion of the chest cavity causes the lungs to expand as well, allowing air to be drawn into the lungs during inhalation. Therefore, the correct answer is that the lungs expand to allow air intake when the diaphragm contracts. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because when the diaphragm contracts, it does not expel air from the lungs, cause the vocal cords to vibrate, or narrow the trachea to control airflow.

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