Nursing Elites

1. Identify the appositive in the following sentence: 'My favorite author, Agatha Christie, wrote many detective novels.'

• A. favorite
• B. Agatha Christie
• C. many
• D. novels

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the sentence, 'Agatha Christie' is the appositive. An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or clarifies another noun or pronoun in a sentence. In this case, 'Agatha Christie' renames the noun 'author.' The appositive provides additional information about the noun it follows, enhancing the reader's understanding. Choices A, C, and D are not appositives. 'Favorite' is an adjective describing 'author,' 'many' is an adjective describing 'novels,' and 'novels' is the direct object of the verb 'wrote,' not an appositive.

2. Which of the following choices would contain the code for making a protein?

• A. mRNA
• B. tRNA
• C. rRNA
• D. DNA polymerase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mRNA (messenger RNA). mRNA contains the genetic code or instructions for making a protein. During protein synthesis, mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA corresponds to the sequence of amino acids that will be used to build the protein. Choice B, tRNA (transfer RNA), is involved in carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis but does not contain the code for making a protein. Choice C, rRNA (ribosomal RNA), is a component of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs but does not contain the specific code for making a protein. Choice D, DNA polymerase, is an enzyme involved in DNA replication, not in directly coding for protein synthesis.

3. Laura was stuck in traffic on her way to a concert and thought she would miss the concert. Which of the following options uses correct grammar to combine the sentences above for clarity?

• A. Because Laura was on her way to a concert, she was stuck in traffic and thought she would miss the concert.
• B. Laura was on her way to a concert and she thought she would miss the concert. Laura was stuck in traffic.
• C. Laura was on her way to a concert, but because she was stuck in traffic, she thought she would miss the concert.
• D. Laura thought she would miss the concert because she was on her way to the concert, but was stuck in traffic.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C combines the ideas in a clear and logical manner by explaining that Laura was on her way to a concert, got stuck in traffic, and thought she would miss the concert. This choice maintains the correct sequence of events, highlighting the cause-effect relationship between being stuck in traffic and potentially missing the concert. Choices A, B, and D either disrupt the logical sequence of events or introduce redundancy in the information provided, making them less effective in conveying the intended message.

4. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The table is much heavier than the book, so it requires a much larger force to accelerate it. The book is lighter and easier to move, so the force applied to it causes it to move without significantly affecting the table due to the table's greater mass. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the force exerted on the book by the table is countered by an equal force exerted on the table by the book, but the table's greater mass resists movement. Choice B is incorrect because the forces are equal and opposite, acting in the same direction. Choice C is incorrect as the surface area does not affect the movement of the table in this scenario. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the table's greater mass prevents it from moving easily when a force is applied.

5. Which of the following enzymes unwinds the double-stranded DNA during replication?

• A. Helicase
• B. Ligase
• C. Nuclease
• D. Polymerase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double-stranded DNA during replication by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. This process creates the replication fork where DNA polymerase can then synthesize new DNA strands. Ligase functions to join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, not unwind DNA. Nuclease is involved in DNA repair by removing damaged DNA segments. Polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands based on the existing template strands, not for unwinding the DNA.

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