Nursing Elites

1. How many neutrons and electrons could a negative ion of sulfur have?

• A. 16 neutrons, 16 electrons
• B. 16 neutrons, 17 electrons
• C. 17 neutrons, 16 electrons
• D. 17 neutrons, 17 electrons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A negative ion of sulfur would have 16 protons and 17 electrons since it gains one electron. The number of neutrons in an ion does not change, so the neutrons would remain at 16. Therefore, the correct answer is 16 neutrons and 17 electrons, which corresponds to choice B. Choice A is incorrect as it does not account for the extra electron gained by the negative ion. Choices C and D are incorrect because they propose a change in the number of neutrons, which is not affected by the ionization process.

2. Which of the following structures is located in the pelvic cavity?

• A. The kidneys
• B. The colon
• C. The bladder
• D. The rectum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the bladder. The bladder is situated in the pelvic cavity, specifically in the lower part of the abdomen. The kidneys are positioned higher up in the abdominal cavity, not in the pelvic region. The colon and rectum are part of the large intestine and are primarily located in the abdominal cavity, not the pelvic cavity. Therefore, the bladder is the only structure listed that is anatomically situated in the pelvic cavity.

3. Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?

• A. To produce digestive enzymes
• B. To filter waste from the blood
• C. To produce white blood cells
• D. To produce red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing urine. Choice A is incorrect because the production of digestive enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas and salivary glands. Choice C is incorrect as the production of white blood cells mainly takes place in the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Choice D is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow.

4. Where is fat primarily digested, and where is protein primarily digested?

• A. Mouth; stomach
• B. Stomach; small intestine
• C. Small intestine; small intestine
• D. Small intestine; stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine, where bile from the liver emulsifies fats for enzymatic digestion. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs. Proteins, on the other hand, are mainly digested in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin under acidic conditions. The stomach's acidic environment helps denature proteins, making them more accessible to pepsin for digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the primary sites of fat and protein digestion in the human digestive system.

5. What is molarity a measure of in a solution?

• A. Volume of the solvent
• B. Amount of solute
• C. Concentration of solute
• D. Temperature of the solution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Molarity is not a measure of the volume of the solvent (choice A), the amount of solute (choice B), or the temperature of the solution (choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is the concentration of solute (choice C) as molarity specifically quantifies the solute concentration in a solution.

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