Nursing Elites

1. How many neurons typically comprise a sensory pathway?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A sensory pathway generally consists of three neurons: a first-order neuron, a second-order neuron, and a third-order neuron. The first-order neuron carries sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord or brainstem. The second-order neuron then transmits this information to the thalamus or cerebellum. Finally, the third-order neuron projects the sensory input to the cerebral cortex for processing and perception. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 (C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical structure of a sensory pathway involving three neurons.

2. Which type of cell secretes antibodies?

• A. Bacterial cells
• B. Viral cells
• C. Lymph cells
• D. Plasma cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that secretes antibodies. Antibodies are essential components of the immune system, as they help in identifying and neutralizing pathogens. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect as bacterial cells and viral cells do not secrete antibodies, and lymph cells are involved in the immune response but do not secrete antibodies like plasma cells.

3. What is the acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface?

• A. 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²)
• B. 6.3 meters per second squared (m/s²)
• C. 5.0 meters per second squared (m/s²)
• D. 12.5 meters per second squared (m/s²)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/s². This value is commonly used in physics calculations and represents the rate at which an object accelerates towards the Earth when in free fall. The acceleration due to gravity is a constant value near the Earth's surface and affects the motion of all objects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the standard value of 9.8 m/s². Understanding the correct value of acceleration due to gravity is fundamental in physics as it helps in solving various problems related to motion, forces, and energy.

4. In which medium does light propagate at its highest speed?

• A. Air
• B. Water
• C. Glass
• D. Diamond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Light travels at its highest speed in a vacuum. However, among the options provided, air is the closest medium to a vacuum, making it the correct answer. In general, light travels slower in denser mediums due to interactions with atoms and molecules in the medium. Water, glass, and diamond are denser mediums compared to air, causing light to propagate at slower speeds in these materials, hence making them incorrect choices.

5. Balance the following redox reaction in acidic solution: I⁻ (aq) + Cr₂O₇²⁻ (aq) -> I₂ (aq) + Cr³⁺ (aq). Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent.

• A. I⁻ is oxidized, Cr₂O₇²⁻ is reduced
• B. I⁻ is reduced, Cr₂O₇²⁻ is oxidized
• C. Both I⁻ and Cr₂O₇²⁻ are oxidized
• D. Both I⁻ and Cr₂O₇²⁻ are reduced

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the given redox reaction, I⁻ is gaining electrons to form I₂, which means I⁻ is being reduced (undergoing reduction). On the other hand, Cr₂O₇²⁻ is losing electrons to form Cr³⁺, indicating that Cr₂O₇²⁻ is being oxidized (undergoing oxidation). Therefore, I⁻ is the reducing agent and Cr₂O₇²⁻ is the oxidizing agent. Choice A is incorrect because I⁻ is being reduced, not oxidized. Choice C is incorrect as both species cannot be oxidized in the same reaction. Choice D is incorrect as both species cannot be reduced in the same reaction.

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