Nursing Elites

1. How many moles of water are produced when 0.5 moles of methane (CH4) react with excess oxygen?

• A. 0.5 moles
• B. 1 mole
• C. 2 moles
• D. 3 moles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane is: CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O. This equation shows that 1 mole of methane produces 2 moles of water. Therefore, when 0.5 moles of methane react, they will produce 1 mole of water. The ratio of water to methane is 2:1, meaning that for every mole of methane that reacts, it produces 2 moles of water. Since only 0.5 moles of methane are reacting, the amount of water produced will be half of what would be produced if 1 mole of methane reacted, resulting in 1 mole of water being produced. Choice A is incorrect because it does not consider the stoichiometry of the reaction. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not align with the balanced chemical equation and the stoichiometric ratios involved in the reaction.

2. Which of the following represents a form of potential energy?

• A. A moving car
• B. A spinning top
• C. A raised hammer
• D. A rolling ball

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A raised hammer represents potential energy as it possesses stored energy due to its position above the ground. When the hammer falls, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as it moves. In contrast, options A, B, and D involve objects already in motion, representing kinetic energy. Choice A, a moving car, is in motion and has kinetic energy. Choice B, a spinning top, is also in motion and exhibits kinetic energy. Choice D, a rolling ball, is already moving and thus has kinetic energy. Therefore, only choice C, a raised hammer, is the correct representation of potential energy among the given options.

3. Which of the following arteries are not branches of the facial artery in the cervical portion?

• A. Ascending palatine artery
• B. Glandular artery
• C. Superior labial artery
• D. Tonsillar artery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Superior labial artery. It is a branch of the facial artery in the facial portion, not in the cervical portion. The ascending palatine artery, glandular artery, and tonsillar artery are branches of the facial artery in the cervical portion. The ascending palatine artery supplies the palate, the glandular artery provides blood to the salivary glands, and the tonsillar artery is responsible for supplying blood to the tonsils. These arteries play a crucial role in the vascular supply of the head and neck region, aiding in various physiological functions.

4. The immune response can be categorized into two main branches:

• A. Humoral and cellular
• B. Innate and adaptive
• C. Primary and secondary
• D. Active and passive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - The immune response can be broadly categorized into two main branches: the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response. - The humoral immune response involves the production of antibodies by B cells and is primarily responsible for defending against extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in the bloodstream and tissues. - The cellular immune response involves the activation of T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response. This branch is crucial for combating intracellular pathogens like viruses and some bacteria. - Options B, C, and D do not accurately represent the main branches of the immune response and are therefore incorrect.

5. During gas exchange in the alveoli, what happens to oxygen?

• A. Oxygen is released from the alveoli into the bloodstream.
• B. Oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the bloodstream.
• C. Oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide.
• D. Oxygen is stored in the alveoli for later use.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During gas exchange in the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed from the alveoli into the bloodstream. This process occurs due to the difference in partial pressures of oxygen between the alveoli and the bloodstream, causing oxygen to move from an area of higher concentration (alveoli) to an area of lower concentration (bloodstream). Oxygen is then transported by red blood cells to tissues throughout the body for cellular respiration. Choice A is incorrect as oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream, not the other way around. Choice C is incorrect as oxygen is not converted into carbon dioxide during gas exchange. Choice D is incorrect as oxygen is not stored in the alveoli but rather continuously exchanged with carbon dioxide during respiration.

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