Nursing Elites

1. How does polarization affect the intensity of light passing through a polarizing filter?

• A. All light passes through regardless of polarization.
• B. Light with the same polarization as the filter passes through, while others are blocked.
• C. Light with higher intensity passes through, while weaker light is blocked.
• D. The intensity is reduced for all light, regardless of polarization.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A polarizing filter only allows light waves with a specific orientation (polarization) to pass through while blocking light waves with different orientations. Therefore, light with the same polarization as the filter will pass through, while light with different polarizations will be blocked. This results in a reduction in intensity for light passing through the polarizing filter. Choice A is incorrect because a polarizing filter selectively filters light based on its polarization. Choice C is incorrect as the intensity of light passing through is determined by its polarization, not solely its intensity. Choice D is incorrect because a polarizing filter affects light based on its polarization, not uniformly reducing the intensity for all light passing through.

2. What is the anatomical term for the back of the body? Example: Shoulder blade.

• A. Anterior
• B. Superior
• C. Posterior
• D. Inferior

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Posterior. 'Posterior' is the anatomical term that refers to the back of the body. It is the opposite of 'anterior,' which refers to the front of the body. 'Superior' typically describes a structure that is positioned above another structure, while 'inferior' refers to a structure that is below another. In this case, the term 'posterior' specifically indicates the back of the body, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

3. What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To transport food from the mouth to the stomach
• C. To break down food
• D. To absorb water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The esophagus functions to transport food from the mouth to the stomach through a process called peristalsis, which involves a series of muscle contractions that push the food downward along the digestive tract. Absorbing nutrients (Choice A) is typically done in the small intestine, breaking down food (Choice C) is primarily the role of the stomach and small intestine, and absorbing water (Choice D) mainly occurs in the large intestine.

4. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Density. Density is a physical property of a substance that remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present. Mass (Choice A) is the amount of matter in an object and can change depending on the amount of the substance. Weight (Choice B) is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and can vary with location. Volume (Choice D) is the amount of space occupied by a substance and can change if the amount of the substance changes.

5. What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

• A. Stores genetic information
• B. Decodes genetic information
• C. Provides energy for the process
• D. Transports amino acids to the ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by decoding the genetic information stored in DNA and carrying it to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. This process involves transcription, where RNA is synthesized from DNA, and translation, where the information in RNA is used to assemble amino acids into proteins. RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes, ensuring that the correct sequence of amino acids is used to build proteins according to the genetic code. Option A is incorrect because DNA, not RNA, stores genetic information. Option C is incorrect because RNA does not provide energy for protein synthesis; energy is usually provided by ATP molecules. Option D is incorrect because tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes, not RNA in general. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it accurately describes the role of RNA in protein synthesis.

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