Nursing Elites

1. How can you differentiate between a bacterial and viral infection based solely on symptoms?

• A. It's impossible to differentiate solely based on symptoms.
• B. Bacterial infections typically respond well to antibiotics, while viral infections don't.
• C. Bacterial infections usually cause fever, while viral infections don't.
• D. Viral infections often present with respiratory symptoms like a cough, while bacterial infections don't.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: It is impossible to differentiate between a bacterial and viral infection based solely on symptoms because many symptoms overlap between the two types of infections. Symptoms like fever, cough, and others can be present in both bacterial and viral infections. Additional diagnostic tests such as cultures or blood tests are often needed to determine the cause of the infection accurately. Relying only on symptoms can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they oversimplify the differentiation process and do not encompass the complexity of symptoms associated with bacterial and viral infections. While it is true that bacterial infections may respond to antibiotics and some differences in symptoms may be observed between bacterial and viral infections, these are not definitive indicators without proper diagnostic tests.

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true of most metals?

• A. Most of them are good conductors of heat.
• B. Most of them are gases at room temperature.
• C. Most of them are ductile.
• D. They make up the majority of elements on the periodic table.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because most metals are not gases at room temperature; they are usually solid and good conductors of heat. Metals are generally known for being good conductors of heat, ductile, and making up the majority of elements on the periodic table. Choice A is correct as metals, in general, are good conductors of heat. Choice C is also correct as most metals exhibit ductility. Choice D is correct as metals constitute the majority of elements found on the periodic table.

3. What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?

• A. To trap dust particles
• B. To increase lung compliance
• C. To produce mucus
• D. To generate oxygen during respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To increase lung compliance. Surfactant is a substance produced by type II alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension in the alveoli. This reduction in surface tension helps to increase lung compliance, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. Improved lung compliance is essential for efficient gas exchange in the respiratory system, facilitating oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because surfactant does not trap dust particles, produce mucus, or generate oxygen during respiration. Instead, its primary function lies in reducing surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse and improve lung compliance for optimal gas exchange.

4. Which property of matter measures the amount of space occupied by an object?

• A. Mass
• B. Density
• C. Weight
• D. Volume

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Volume is the property of matter that measures the amount of space occupied by an object. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and density is the mass of an object per unit volume. Volume specifically quantifies the space occupied by an object, making it the correct answer in this context.

5. Which of the following nerves has the longest axon in the human body?

• A. Dorsal root ganglion
• B. Laryngeal nerve
• C. Sciatic nerve
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sciatic nerve contains the longest axon in the human body, extending from the lower back down the leg. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lower limb. The dorsal root ganglion and laryngeal nerve do not possess axons as long as the sciatic nerve, making them incorrect choices. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the sciatic nerve.

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