Nursing Elites

1. Which state of matter has both a definite volume and a definite shape?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Solid.' Solids have both a definite volume and a definite shape because the particles are closely packed together and vibrate in fixed positions. This close arrangement of particles allows solids to maintain their shape and volume, unlike liquids and gases which do not have a definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume. Gases, on the other hand, do not have a definite shape or volume as they expand to fill the space available to them. Plasma is a high-energy state of matter where atoms are stripped of their electrons and is not characterized by definite shape or volume.

2. What type of particle carries no charge and mediates the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons?

• A. Electron
• B. Photon
• C. Gluon
• D. Neutrino

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gluon. Gluons are the particles responsible for mediating the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons. They are the carriers of this force. Choice A, Electron, is incorrect as electrons are negatively charged. Choice B, Photon, is incorrect as photons are chargeless particles of light. Choice D, Neutrino, is incorrect as neutrinos are neutral particles with minimal mass and weak interactions with matter, not involved in mediating the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons.

3. Which system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes in the body?

• A. Respiratory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Circulatory system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells in the body. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to distribute oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products throughout the body. The respiratory system is primarily involved in gas exchange, the digestive system breaks down food for absorption, and the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.

4. Which of the following is NOT a property of a catalyst?

• A. Increases the rate of a reaction
• B. Remains unchanged after the reaction
• C. Lowers the activation energy
• D. Creates new products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It remains unchanged after the reaction, which eliminates option B. A catalyst works by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, which eliminates option C. A catalyst does not create new products in a reaction; it only facilitates the conversion of reactants into products more efficiently. Therefore, option D is NOT a property of a catalyst.

5. Which part of the ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear?

• A. Cochlea
• B. Ossicles
• C. Semicircular canals
• D. Eustachian tube

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ossicles. The ossicles, consisting of the malleus, incus, and stapes, are located in the middle ear. They play a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, specifically to the cochlea. The cochlea is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain to interpret. The semicircular canals are not involved in transmitting sound but are responsible for balance and orientation. The eustachian tube's function is to help equalize pressure in the middle ear, not to transmit sound vibrations.

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