Nursing Elites

1. During adiabatic compression of a gas, what happens to its temperature?

• A. Remains constant
• B. Decreases
• C. Increases
• D. Becomes unpredictable without additional information

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During adiabatic compression, the gas's temperature increases. This is because no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, and all the work done on the gas results in an increase in internal energy. Choice A is incorrect because the temperature does not remain constant during adiabatic compression. Choice B is incorrect as the temperature does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as the behavior of the gas's temperature during adiabatic compression is predictable based on the principles of thermodynamics.

2. In a circuit with three same-size resistors wired in series to a 9-V power supply, producing 1 amp of current, what is the resistance of each resistor?

• A. 9 ohms
• B. 6 ohms
• C. 3 ohms
• D. 1 ohm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. With a total voltage of 9 V and a current of 1 A, we can use Ohm's Law (V = I × R) to find the total resistance: Total resistance = 9 V / 1 A = 9 ohms. Since the resistors are identical and wired in series, the total resistance is evenly divided among the three resistors: Resistance of each resistor = 9 ohms / 3 = 3 ohms. Thus, the resistance of each resistor is 3 ohms. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 ohms. Choice A, 9 ohms, is incorrect because this would be the total resistance of all three resistors combined in series. Choice B, 6 ohms, is incorrect as it does not account for the equal distribution of resistance in a series circuit. Choice D, 1 ohm, is incorrect as it is too low for resistors in series with a total resistance of 9 ohms.

3. Certain non-Newtonian fluids exhibit shear thickening behavior. In this case, the fluid's viscosity:

• A. Remains constant with increasing shear rate
• B. Decreases with increasing shear rate (shear thinning)
• C. Increases with increasing shear rate
• D. Depends solely on the applied pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a non-Newtonian fluid exhibits shear thickening behavior, its viscosity increases with increasing shear rate. This means that as more force is applied to the fluid, its resistance to flow also increases, resulting in a higher viscosity. This phenomenon is opposite to shear thinning, where viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Therefore, in the case of shear thickening behavior, the correct answer is that the fluid's viscosity increases with increasing shear rate. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because shear thickening behavior specifically involves an increase in viscosity with increasing shear rate, not remaining constant, decreasing, or depending on applied pressure.

4. Which of the following substances has the highest density?

• A. Mist
• B. Water
• C. Steam
• D. Ice

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Water has the highest density among the options provided. Density is a measure of mass per unit volume. In this case, water in its liquid form is denser than mist, steam, and ice. Ice has a lower density than water because its crystalline structure causes it to be less dense. Mist and steam are forms of water vapor, which are much less dense than liquid water. Therefore, the correct answer is water (choice B).

5. During an isothermal (constant temperature) expansion, what is the work done by the gas on the surroundings?

• A. Positive and equal to the change in internal energy.
• B. Zero.
• C. Negative and equal to the change in internal energy.
• D. Positive and greater than the change in internal energy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an isothermal expansion, the temperature remains constant, meaning there is no change in internal energy. However, the gas still does work on the surroundings as it expands, and this work is positive. Since internal energy does not change, the correct answer is D, 'Positive and greater than the change in internal energy.' Choice A is incorrect because the work done is not equal to the change in internal energy. Choice B is incorrect as work is done during the expansion. Choice C is incorrect since the work done is not negative during an isothermal expansion.

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