Nursing Elites

1. Identify the INCORRECT function of the liver.

• A. Bile production to aid digestion.
• B. Synthesis of blood proteins, such as albumin.
• C. Storage of glucose for energy regulation.
• D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood. C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed. D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.

2. What is the process called in which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid?

• A. Condensation.
• B. Evaporation.
• C. Sublimation.
• D. Vaporization.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Condensation is indeed the correct answer. It is the process by which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid. This occurs when the temperature of a gas decreases enough for its particles to lose energy and come together to form a liquid. On the other hand, evaporation is the process of a liquid changing to a gas. Sublimation is the direct transition of a substance from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Vaporization, on the other hand, is the general term for the process of a liquid changing to a gas, which includes both evaporation and boiling.

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• A. Synthesis of lipids (fats)
• B. Transport of materials within the cell
• C. Detoxification of harmful substances
• D. Breakdown of cellular waste products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not involved in the breakdown of cellular waste products; this function is primarily carried out by lysosomes. The ER is responsible for the synthesis of lipids (fats), transport of materials within the cell, and detoxification of harmful substances. Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for breaking down cellular waste products through processes like autophagy. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the known functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.

4. Which of the following vessels is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?

• A. Right ventricle
• B. Left ventricle
• C. Pulmonary artery
• D. Aorta

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The aorta is the correct answer because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart and distributes it to all parts of the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta, and the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

5. Mesosomes are the internal extensions of which of the following?

• A. Capsule
• B. Cell membranes
• C. Cell wall
• D. Chromatin body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mesosomes are the internal extensions of the cell membrane, not the capsule, cell wall, or chromatin body. They play a crucial role in cell division and are essential for various cellular processes such as respiration and cell wall formation. Mesosomes are not associated with the capsule (choice A), cell wall (choice C), or chromatin body (choice D), making these options incorrect.

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