Nursing Elites

1. Which nutrients are important for bone health?

• A. Vitamin D
• B. Calcium and phosphorus
• C. Iron and zinc
• D. Magnesium and sodium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Calcium and phosphorus are crucial nutrients for bone health as they are essential minerals required for bone strength, density, and various body functions. Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus through the diet is important for maintaining healthy bones and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption, but it is not the main nutrient responsible for bone health. Iron and zinc are important for other bodily functions, not specifically bone health. Magnesium and sodium, while important for overall health, are not as directly linked to bone health as calcium and phosphorus.

2. How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?

• A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
• B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
• C. By reducing vertebral compression
• D. By preventing disc degeneration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The headrest on a car is designed to prevent traumatic injury by limiting hyperextension of the neck during a rear-end collision. This helps reduce the risk of whiplash and other neck injuries that may occur when the head is forcefully thrown backward. Choice A is incorrect because hyperflexion is not the primary concern in rear-end collisions. Choice C is incorrect as the headrest does not directly reduce vertebral compression. Choice D is incorrect because the headrest is not directly involved in preventing disc degeneration.

3. Which of the following is not part of the body’s secondary defense system?

• A. Macrophages
• B. Leukocytes
• C. T cells
• D. Cilia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cilia are not part of the body's secondary defense system. They are hair-like structures primarily involved in movement and transporting substances across cell surfaces, such as in the respiratory tract for debris and pathogen removal. However, cilia do not play a direct role in the immune response mechanisms characteristic of the body's secondary defense system. Macrophages, leukocytes, and T cells are immune cells that actively participate in the secondary defense system by targeting and eliminating pathogens.

4. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for auditory functioning?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Temporal lobe
• C. Occipital lobe
• D. Parietal lobe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information, including sound perception, speech recognition, and language comprehension. Damage to the temporal lobe can lead to difficulties in hearing, understanding spoken language, and recognizing familiar sounds. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the frontal lobe is mainly associated with functions such as decision-making and personality, the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information, and the parietal lobe is involved in sensory functions and spatial processing, not auditory functioning.

5. Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism and calcium levels?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Thyroid gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the thyroid gland (Choice C). The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones like thyroxine, which control the body's metabolic rate. It also helps in controlling calcium levels in the blood through the release of calcitonin. The pituitary gland (Choice A) is known as the 'master gland' as it controls other glands but is not primarily responsible for regulating metabolism and calcium levels. The adrenal gland (Choice B) produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are involved in the stress response and metabolism, but they do not specifically regulate calcium levels. The pineal gland (Choice D) mainly produces melatonin, a hormone that helps in regulating sleep-wake cycles and has no direct role in metabolism or calcium level regulation.

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