Nursing Elites

1. What is the chemical reaction that involves breaking down a compound into component parts?

• A. Decomposition
• B. Synthesis
• C. Combustion
• D. Single replacement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Decomposition is the correct answer because in a decomposition reaction, a compound is broken down into simpler substances. This type of reaction involves the splitting of a compound into its component parts, often through the use of heat, light, or electricity. Synthesis (choice B) is the opposite process where simpler substances are combined to form a more complex compound. Combustion (choice C) is a reaction involving rapid oxidation often accompanied by heat and light. Single replacement (choice D) is a reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.

2. How many neutrons does carbon-14 have?

• A. 10
• B. 8
• C. 6
• D. 12

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 8. Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number. In this case, the mass number of carbon-14 is 14, and the atomic number of carbon is 6. Therefore, 14 (mass number) - 6 (atomic number) = 8 neutrons. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct number of neutrons in a carbon-14 atom.

3. At what temperature does water boil in °F?

• A. 210°F
• B. 212°F
• C. 215°F
• D. 220°F

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Water boils at 212°F under standard atmospheric pressure. This is the point at which water changes from a liquid to a gas phase. Choice A (210°F) is incorrect as it is below the boiling point of water. Choice C (215°F) and Choice D (220°F) are also incorrect as they are above the boiling point of water.

4. What is the oxidation state of the chlorine atom in the compound HCl?

• A. +1
• B. -1
• C. +2
• D. -2

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the compound HCl (hydrochloric acid), the hydrogen atom has an oxidation state of +1 based on the rules of assigning oxidation states. Since the overall compound is neutral, the oxidation state of chlorine must be -1 to balance the charge. Chlorine typically has an oxidation state of -1 in binary compounds with nonmetals, such as HCl. Therefore, the correct answer is -1. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the oxidation state of chlorine in HCl is -1, not +1, +2, or -2.

5. What is a benefit of water's ability to make hydrogen bonds?

• A. Lack of cohesiveness
• B. Low surface tension
• C. Use as a nonpolar solvent
• D. High specific heat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, high specific heat. Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds results in a high specific heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release a large amount of heat energy with minimal temperature change. This property is essential for moderating temperature changes in organisms and maintaining stable environmental conditions for life processes. Choices A, lack of cohesiveness, and C, use as a nonpolar solvent, are incorrect. Water actually has high cohesiveness due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds, and it is a polar solvent, not nonpolar. Choice B, low surface tension, is also incorrect as water's hydrogen bonding contributes to its relatively high surface tension.

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