Nursing Elites

1. Cartilage, found in joints and the ear, is a type of:

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that provides support and flexibility to various parts of the body, such as joints and the ear. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen and proteoglycans. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, muscle tissue is involved in movement, and nervous tissue transmits signals. The correct answer is connective tissue because cartilage serves a supportive function in the body.

2. What is the role of hemoglobin in the human body?

• A. Transport oxygen in red blood cells
• B. Bind oxygen to red blood cells
• C. Carry carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
• D. Help red blood cells transport oxygen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Help red blood cells transport oxygen.' Hemoglobin acts as a carrier molecule in red blood cells, binding to oxygen in the lungs and releasing it in the tissues. It facilitates the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and aids in returning carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because hemoglobin itself does not transport oxygen independently or bind oxygen to red blood cells nor does it carry carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs; instead, it assists red blood cells in the transportation of oxygen.

3. How many tissue layers make up the uterus?

• A. One.
• B. Two.
• C. Three.
• D. Four.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Three.' The uterus is composed of three tissue layers: the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The endometrium is the innermost layer that thickens during the menstrual cycle and sheds during menstruation or supports a developing embryo during pregnancy. The myometrium is the middle layer, consisting of muscle tissue that contracts during labor. The perimetrium is the outer layer that covers the uterus. These three layers work together to support the functions of the uterus, such as menstruation, pregnancy, and labor. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the uterus is not made up of just one or two layers but rather three distinct tissue layers.

4. Which term refers to the condition where a muscle shortens in length while generating force, leading to movement at a joint?

• A. Isometric contraction
• B. Eccentric contraction
• C. Isotonic contraction
• D. Concentric contraction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Concentric contraction refers to the condition where a muscle shortens in length while generating force, leading to movement at a joint. This type of contraction is commonly associated with the lifting phase of an exercise where the muscle is actively shortening against resistance. Isometric contraction (Choice A) involves muscle contraction without a change in muscle length, Eccentric contraction (Choice B) involves the muscle lengthening while generating force, and Isotonic contraction (Choice C) refers to muscle contraction against a constant load with a change in muscle length.

5. How many neutrons are in an atom of the following element with a mass number of 50?

• A. 38
• B. 88
• C. 50
• D. 126

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number. In this case, the mass number given is 50. Since the atomic number is not specified, we can infer it from the choices provided. The mass number of an element represents the total sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of neutrons in this atom would also be 50, as the mass number is equivalent to the combined number of protons and neutrons, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not match the given mass number of 50.

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