Nursing Elites

1. What does bradycardia refer to in terms of heart rate?

• A. Normal (60-100 bpm)
• B. Slightly elevated (100-120 bpm)
• C. Significantly elevated (>120 bpm)
• D. Abnormally slow (<60 bpm)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bradycardia refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, typically defined as less than 60 beats per minute. This condition can result in inadequate blood flow to meet the body's demands. It is crucial to distinguish between bradycardia and tachycardia, which is a fast heart rate, as they require different management strategies. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they describe normal, slightly elevated, and significantly elevated heart rates, respectively, rather than an abnormally slow heart rate characteristic of bradycardia. Recognizing bradycardia is essential for appropriate evaluation and intervention in clinical settings.

2. What is the relationship between work, force, and displacement?

• A. Work is directly proportional to force but inversely proportional to displacement
• B. Work is directly proportional to both force and displacement
• C. Work is inversely proportional to force but directly proportional to displacement
• D. Work is inversely proportional to both force and displacement

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Work is directly proportional to both force and displacement. The work done on an object is calculated by multiplying the force applied to the object by the distance the object moves in the direction of the force. Therefore, work is directly proportional to both force and displacement. Choice A is incorrect because work is not inversely proportional to displacement. Choice C is incorrect because work is not inversely proportional to force. Choice D is incorrect because work is not inversely proportional to both force and displacement.

3. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption as it helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, UVB rays convert a compound in the skin to vitamin D. This vitamin is vital for maintaining bone health and ensuring the overall calcium balance in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage by free radicals. However, none of these vitamins are primarily responsible for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure.

4. What is the main difference between a nuclear reactor and a nuclear bomb?

• A. Reactors use enriched uranium, while bombs use natural uranium.
• B. Reactors have controlled chain reactions, while bombs have uncontrolled chain reactions.
• C. Reactors generate electricity, while bombs cause explosions.
• D. Reactors use moderators, while bombs don't.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main difference between a nuclear reactor and a nuclear bomb is that reactors have controlled chain reactions, while bombs have uncontrolled chain reactions. Nuclear reactors are designed to sustain a controlled nuclear reaction to generate electricity. In contrast, nuclear bombs are designed to release a massive amount of energy in an uncontrolled chain reaction, resulting in an explosion. Choice A is incorrect because both reactors and bombs can use enriched uranium. Choice C is incorrect as nuclear reactors also generate electricity, not just bombs. Choice D is incorrect because both reactors and bombs may or may not use moderators, but the key distinction lies in the control of the chain reaction.

5. Which of the following terms refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment?

• A. Growth
• B. Responsiveness
• C. Reproduction
• D. Development

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Responsiveness is the correct term that refers to the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment. In this context, growth is incorrect as it pertains to an increase in size or number, reproduction involves producing offspring, and development refers to the process of growth, maturation, and differentiation of cells and tissues. Therefore, 'Responsiveness' is the most appropriate term for the given description.

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