Nursing Elites

1. Bone is primarily composed of which of the following inorganic materials?

• A. calcium
• B. magnesium
• C. collagen
• D. potassium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bone is primarily composed of calcium, making up about 70% of its inorganic content. Calcium is essential for bone strength and structure, playing a key role in maintaining bone health. Choice B, magnesium, while important for bone health, is found in smaller amounts in bones compared to calcium. Choice C, collagen, is a protein and is a major organic component of bone, not an inorganic material. Choice D, potassium, is an essential mineral for various bodily functions but is not a primary inorganic material found in bones.

2. The transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem is called a:

• A. Food Chain
• B. Food Web
• C. Habitat
• D. Biome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each organism consumes the one below it and is consumed by the one above it. This transfer of energy through feeding relationships is a fundamental concept in ecology to understand how energy flows through an ecosystem. In a food chain, energy is transferred from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), then to secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on. Each step in the food chain represents a trophic level, and energy is lost as heat at each level, resulting in a pyramid-shaped energy flow. Food webs, on the other hand, represent a more complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. Habitats refer to the specific environments where organisms live, and biomes are large geographical areas characterized by specific climates and vegetation types. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Food Chain' as it specifically describes the linear transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

3. What is the term for an organism with two different alleles for a gene?

• A. Homozygous
• B. Heterozygous
• C. Dominant
• D. Recessive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Homozygous refers to an organism with two identical alleles for a gene, either both dominant or both recessive. Heterozygous, the correct answer, refers to an organism with two different alleles for a gene, one dominant and one recessive. Dominant and recessive describe the relationship between alleles, where dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals. Therefore, the term for an organism with two different alleles for a gene is 'heterozygous.'

4. What term describes the maximum displacement of particles from their rest position in a wave?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term that describes the maximum displacement of particles from their rest position in a wave is called the amplitude. Amplitude is a measure of the strength or intensity of a wave and is represented by the height of the wave from the rest position to the crest (or trough) of the wave. Frequency (A) refers to the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time. Wavelength (B) is the distance between two consecutive crests (or troughs) of a wave. Velocity (D) is the speed of the wave, not the maximum displacement of particles from their rest position.

5. What is the definition of the term 'momentum' in physics?

• A. Force exerted on an object
• B. Speed of an object in motion
• C. Mass in motion
• D. Distance traveled per unit time

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Momentum in physics is the product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity that describes the motion of an object and is given by the formula p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. Therefore, momentum is best described as the mass of an object in motion. Choice A, 'Force exerted on an object,' is incorrect because force is not equivalent to momentum. Choice B, 'Speed of an object in motion,' is incorrect because speed only considers the rate of motion and not the mass aspect. Choice D, 'Distance traveled per unit time,' is incorrect as it relates to speed and not momentum, which involves both mass and velocity.

Similar Questions