Nursing Elites

1. Balance the chemical equation: C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O. What is the coefficient for oxygen?

• A. 5
• B. 6
• C. 7
• D. 8

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To balance the chemical equation, we need to ensure that the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides of the equation. In this case, there are 10 oxygen atoms on the right side (5 in CO2 and 5 in H2O). To balance this, we need to add a coefficient of 6 in front of O2 on the left side, resulting in 6 O2 molecules. This change will give us a total of 12 oxygen atoms on both sides, making the equation balanced. Choice A (5) is incorrect because it does not account for all the oxygen atoms present in the products. Choices C (7) and D (8) are incorrect as they would result in an imbalance in the number of oxygen atoms on both sides of the equation.

2. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the inner lining of your intestines, responsible for absorption?

• A. Stratified squamous
• B. Simple columnar
• C. Stratified cuboidal
• D. Transitional epithelium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is simple columnar epithelium. This type of epithelial tissue is well-suited for absorption and secretion due to its tall, column-like shape and the presence of microvilli on its surface, which increase the surface area for absorption in organs like the intestines. Simple columnar epithelium is the ideal choice for the inner lining of the intestines as it allows for efficient nutrient absorption. Stratified squamous epithelium is typically found in areas subjected to abrasion, like the skin, and not suited for absorption. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is rare and found in specific gland ducts, not in the intestines. Transitional epithelium is specialized for stretching and is primarily found in the urinary system, not involved in absorption processes in the intestines.

3. What is meant by the term 'goiter'?

• A. Overproduction of cortisol from the adrenal glands
• B. Excessive growth of the thyroid gland
• C. Underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• D. Deficiency of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A goiter is a condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. This enlargement can be caused by various factors such as iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, inflammation, or other thyroid disorders. It is not associated with the overproduction of cortisol (Choice A), underproduction of parathyroid hormone (Choice C), or deficiency of growth hormone (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is B, excessive growth of the thyroid gland.

4. Which of the following stimulates adaptive immunity?

• A. Peptides
• B. Phagocytes
• C. Prions
• D. Platelets

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prions. Prions are infectious proteins that can stimulate an adaptive immune response by triggering the production of specific antibodies. Peptides are fragments of proteins and can be processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells to activate T cells, which play a role in adaptive immunity. Phagocytes, such as macrophages, are part of the innate immune system and are involved in engulfing and destroying pathogens, but they do not directly stimulate adaptive immunity. Platelets are primarily involved in blood clotting and are not directly related to stimulating adaptive immunity.

5. A pendulum swings back and forth. What type of energy conversion occurs during its motion?

• A. Potential energy to kinetic energy and vice versa
• B. Thermal energy to mechanical energy and vice versa
• C. Chemical energy to electrical energy and vice versa
• D. Nuclear energy to radiant energy and vice versa

Correct answer: A

Rationale: As the pendulum swings back and forth, it undergoes a continuous conversion between potential energy (at the highest point of the swing) and kinetic energy (at the lowest point of the swing). At the highest point, the pendulum has maximum potential energy due to its height above the ground. As it swings down, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. At the lowest point of the swing, the pendulum has maximum kinetic energy and minimal potential energy. The process repeats as the pendulum swings back in the opposite direction, demonstrating the conversion between potential and kinetic energy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the energy conversion in a swinging pendulum primarily involves changes between potential and kinetic energy, not thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear, or radiant energy.

Similar Questions