as used in the last sentence of this paragraph the term concomitant means aaccompanying

HESI A2

Reading Comprehension HESI A2

1. As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term 'concomitant' means?

A. Accompanying
B. Quiet
C. Frustrated
D. Prefer low-pitched tones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the provided extract, the term 'concomitant' is used to describe problems associated with alcohol abuse, such as the individual becoming alcoholic, contribution to highway deaths by drunken drivers, and spousal and child abuse. Therefore, in this context, 'concomitant' means accompanying, or going along with something else. The other choices of 'Quiet,' 'Frustrated,' and 'Prefer low-pitched tones' do not align with the meaning of 'concomitant' as used in the paragraph.

2. The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statements relating corrective lenses and aging eyes?

A. A carpenter uses wood glue to fix a broken cabinet.
B. A student buys a new notebook for upcoming classes.
C. A chef sharpens knives before starting to cook.
D. An athlete stretches before a game to avoid a potential injury.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct analogy for the role of corrective lenses in helping aging eyes can be compared to an athlete stretching before a game. Just as stretching prepares an athlete's body to perform optimally and avoid injury during a game, corrective lenses help aging eyes adjust and focus properly due to the hardening and loss of elasticity in the eye lens. Choices A, B, and C do not align with the concept of preparing or adjusting to address a specific issue, unlike the use of corrective lenses for aging eyes.

3. What is a major difference in the way baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work from the way the kidneys work?

A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume.
B. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work to help maintain blood volume, whereas the kidneys take care of salts, water, and waste removal.
C. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors must work together to control blood pressure, whereas the kidneys work with the adrenal cortex.
D. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are both located near the adrenal cortex, whereas the kidneys are located near the heart.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are responsible for monitoring blood pressure by sensing changes in pressure, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH within the arteries. They send out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure accordingly. On the other hand, the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood volume by absorbing salts and water and removing waste products. This key difference highlights that while baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are involved in monitoring and regulating blood pressure, the kidneys primarily focus on controlling blood volume. Choice B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that baroreceptors and chemoreceptors help maintain blood volume, which is not their primary function. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an inaccurate comparison between the roles of baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as it wrongly associates the location of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors with the adrenal cortex, which is not accurate.

4. Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?

A. Changes in the ECG are typically used for the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm.
B. The signal has a characteristic record called the electrocardiogram.
C. The 'wave of excitation' starts at the SA node.
D. The 'wave of excitation' spreads through the heart wall and is accompanied by electric changes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected statement should be: Changes in the ECG are not typically used for the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm. The passage mentions that the heart sends out electric currents in waves, and the 'wave of excitation' spreads through the heart wall accompanied by electric changes. It details the process of how the heart's electric impulses are recorded and how abnormalities can be detected. However, it does not state that ECG changes are specifically used for diagnosing abnormal cardiac rhythms. Choice A is the correct answer because it misrepresents the information provided in the passage. Choices B, C, and D are all supported by the passage and align with the details mentioned regarding the electrocardiogram and the wave of excitation in the heart.

5. The information presented in this article is?

A. Against eating and drinking
B. Against drinking alcohol
C. Against eating rich foods
D. Unbiased and informative.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The information presented in the article is unbiased in its approach. While the article highlights the potential issues related to overeating and alcohol abuse, it does not explicitly advocate against eating and drinking, drinking alcohol, or eating rich foods. The primary focus is on the negative consequences of overeating and alcohol abuse, making choice D, 'Unbiased and informative,' the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not supported by the content of the article; it merely discusses the risks associated with overeating and alcohol abuse without taking a stand against them.