Nursing Elites

1. An individual who takes the magicoreligious perspective of illness and disease is likely to believe that his or her illness was caused by:

• A. germs and viruses.
• B. supernatural forces.
• C. eating imbalanced foods.
• D. an imbalance within his or her spiritual nature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The magicoreligious perspective of illness and disease is based on the belief that supernatural forces play a significant role in causing health problems. Individuals holding this perspective may believe that their illness was caused by curses, evil spirits, or other supernatural factors rather than conventional explanations like germs or viruses. This worldview influences how they perceive and seek treatment for their health conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is B) supernatural forces. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the supernatural beliefs associated with the magicoreligious perspective. This perspective focuses on attributing illness to supernatural causes rather than biological, dietary, or spiritual imbalances.

2. When a female patient who does not speak English well requires an interpreter, what would be the most appropriate choice?

• A. A trained interpreter
• B. A male family member
• C. A female family member
• D. A volunteer college student from the foreign language studies department

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To facilitate effective communication between a female patient with limited English proficiency and healthcare providers, the most appropriate choice is a trained interpreter. Trained interpreters, especially those familiar with medical terminology, ensure accurate transmission of information and maintain patient-provider confidentiality. Using a family member, whether male or female, can lead to misunderstandings, breaches of confidentiality, and potential biases. Volunteer college students may lack the necessary skills and experience to handle sensitive medical conversations professionally. Opting for a trained interpreter is crucial to enhance communication quality, promote understanding, and uphold patient care standards.

3. When communicating with a patient who has a hearing impairment, what technique would be most beneficial?

• A. Determine the communication method he prefers.
• B. Avoid using facial and hand gestures as they can be degrading to most hearing-impaired individuals.
• C. Request a sign language interpreter before meeting to facilitate communication.
• D. Speak loudly and with exaggerated facial movement, as this helps with lip reading.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When communicating with a patient who has a hearing impairment, it is crucial to determine the preferred communication method, whether it involves signing, lip reading, or writing. By directly asking the patient for their preferred method of communication, the healthcare provider can ensure effective and respectful interaction tailored to the individual's specific needs and preferences. Option B is incorrect because using facial and hand gestures can actually aid in communication for some individuals with hearing impairments. Option C is not always necessary and may not be the preferred method for all patients. Option D is incorrect because speaking loudly and with exaggerated facial movements is not necessary and may not be preferred by the patient.

4. During a wellness workshop, a healthcare provider is collecting comprehensive health histories from attendees. One of the written questions on the history form states, 'You don't smoke, drink, or take drugs, do you?' This question is an example of:

• A. talking too much.
• B. using confrontation.
• C. using biased or leading questions.
• D. using blunt language to address sensitive topics.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The question provided is an example of using biased or leading questions. It suggests that one answer is more socially acceptable or preferable than another, potentially pressuring the individual to respond in a specific way. This can result in inaccurate information being provided and may also evoke feelings of guilt or judgment, influencing the person's responses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the nature of the question. The question does not involve talking too much, confrontation, or blunt language; instead, it leads the respondent towards a specific answer.

5. In the majority culture of America, coughing, sweating, and diarrhea are symptoms of an illness. For some individuals of Mexican-American origin, however, these symptoms are a normal part of living. The nurse recognizes that this is true, probably because Mexican-Americans:

• A. have less efficient immune systems and are often ill.
• B. consider these symptoms a part of normal living, not symptoms of ill health.
• C. come from Mexico where coughing is normal and healthy.
• D. are usually in a lower socioeconomic group and are more likely to be sick.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In Mexican-American culture, coughing, sweating, and diarrhea are often considered normal bodily functions and not necessarily indicative of illness. This cultural perspective shapes their understanding of health and illness, leading them to view these symptoms differently than the majority culture in America. Choice A is incorrect because it generalizes Mexican-Americans as having less efficient immune systems, which is not supported by evidence. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing the perception solely to coming from Mexico. Choice D is incorrect as it makes unwarranted assumptions about the socioeconomic status and health status of Mexican-Americans.

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