Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following organs does not belong with the others?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Stomach
• C. Intestines
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Stomach. The stomach is primarily involved in the digestive system, breaking down food through digestion. In contrast, the thyroid gland, intestines, and pancreas are part of the endocrine system or digestive system, involved in hormone production, nutrient absorption, and digestion. Therefore, the stomach stands out as the odd one in this group as it is the only organ specifically dedicated to digestion, while the others have dual roles or different primary functions.

2. What is the primary mode of CO2 transport in the body?

• A. Bicarbonate
• B. Carbamino compounds
• C. None of these
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bicarbonate. In the body, the primary mode of CO2 transport is as bicarbonate. Carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate in red blood cells as part of the bicarbonate buffer system, which helps maintain the pH balance in the blood. Bicarbonate is then transported in the plasma to the lungs where it is converted back to carbon dioxide for exhalation. While carbamino compounds also play a role in CO2 transport by binding to amino groups on proteins, bicarbonate is the main mode of transport for carbon dioxide in the body. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary mechanism of CO2 transport in the body.

3. According to the passages, which situation would not constitute an illegal use of lethal force?

• A. A disgruntled cashier yells obscenities at a customer.
• B. A thief is seen running away with stolen cash.
• C. A man is attacked in an alley by another man with a knife.
• D. A woman punches another woman in a bar.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because, according to the passage, lethal force may be legally used in self-defense or to protect others from imminent danger. In the situation where a man is attacked in an alley by another man with a knife, the use of lethal force to defend oneself would not constitute an illegal act. Choices A, B, and D do not involve a situation where the use of lethal force in self-defense would be justified, making them incorrect. A disgruntled cashier yelling obscenities, a thief running away with stolen cash, and a woman punching another woman do not present imminent danger that would justify the use of lethal force.

4. Which term best describes the gradual change in a species over time in response to environmental pressures?

• A. Punctuated equilibrium (rapid bursts of evolution)
• B. Gradualism (slow and continuous change)
• C. Founder effect (genetic drift in a small population)
• D. Adaptive radiation (rapid diversification of a species)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Punctuated equilibrium refers to rapid bursts of evolution followed by long periods of stability, rather than gradual change over time in response to environmental pressures. B) Gradualism is the process by which species evolve through slow and continuous changes over time in response to environmental pressures. This gradual change can lead to the development of new traits and adaptations. C) Founder effect is a type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a loss of genetic variation compared to the original population. It does not specifically describe the gradual change in a species over time. D) Adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a species into a variety of forms to exploit different ecological niches, but it does not specifically refer to the gradual change in response to environmental pressures. Therefore, the term that best describes the gradual change in a species over time in response to environmental pressures is 'Gradualism.'

5. Which of the following is an appropriately-punctuated correction for this sentence: Protestors filled the streets of the city because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership?

• A. Protestors filled the streets of the city, because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership.
• B. Protesters, filled the streets of the city, because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership.
• C. Because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership protestors filled the streets of the city.
• D. Protestors filled the streets of the city because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The sentence should be corrected by removing the period and joining the clauses to avoid a sentence fragment. Choice A is incorrect due to the unnecessary comma after 'city.' Choice B is incorrect as it mistakenly separates the subject and verb with a comma. Choice C is incorrect as it begins with the subordinate clause, disrupting the logical flow of the sentence.

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