Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following organs does not belong with the others?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Stomach
• C. Intestines
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Stomach. The stomach is primarily involved in the digestive system, breaking down food through digestion. In contrast, the thyroid gland, intestines, and pancreas are part of the endocrine system or digestive system, involved in hormone production, nutrient absorption, and digestion. Therefore, the stomach stands out as the odd one in this group as it is the only organ specifically dedicated to digestion, while the others have dual roles or different primary functions.

2. What is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles called?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Plasma membrane
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles. The nucleus, not the correct answer, is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material. The plasma membrane, another incorrect choice, is the outer boundary of the cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell. The Golgi apparatus, also an incorrect choice, is an organelle involved in processing and packaging proteins.

3. What does the term 'dilution' refer to in a solution?

• A. Adding more solvent to decrease concentration
• B. Adding more solute to increase concentration
• C. Reducing the temperature to increase solubility
• D. Increasing pressure to increase solubility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The term 'dilution' in a solution refers to adding more solvent to decrease the concentration of the solution. Dilution involves reducing the concentration of the solute in the solution by increasing the amount of solvent. Choice B is incorrect because adding more solute would increase the concentration, not decrease it. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they relate to factors affecting solubility, not dilution specifically. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately defines the process of dilution in a solution.

4. Which organelle is responsible for breaking down macromolecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, into their smaller building blocks?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, into their smaller building blocks. These enzymes help in the process of intracellular digestion and recycling of cellular components. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell. Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Lysosomes' as they specifically function in the breakdown of macromolecules into smaller components, distinguishing them from the other organelles mentioned.

5. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The table is much heavier than the book, so it requires a much larger force to accelerate it. The book is lighter and easier to move, so the force applied to it causes it to move without significantly affecting the table due to the table's greater mass. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the force exerted on the book by the table is countered by an equal force exerted on the table by the book, but the table's greater mass resists movement. Choice B is incorrect because the forces are equal and opposite, acting in the same direction. Choice C is incorrect as the surface area does not affect the movement of the table in this scenario. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the table's greater mass prevents it from moving easily when a force is applied.

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