Nursing Elites

1. All of the following are parts of the respiratory system EXCEPT the:

• A. Trachea
• B. Bronchi
• C. Esophagus
• D. Larynx

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The esophagus is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory system. The trachea, bronchi, and larynx are all components of the respiratory system responsible for the passage of air during breathing and speech production. The esophagus, on the other hand, is part of the digestive system, responsible for the transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach through a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Esophagus (C).' Choices A, B, and D are all integral parts of the respiratory system, playing crucial roles in the airway and vocalization processes.

2. How does the body maintain a relatively constant blood pH level, even with changes in blood carbon dioxide concentration?

• A. Cellular respiration
• B. Gas exchange
• C. Buffering system
• D. Deoxygenation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Buffering system. The buffering system is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant blood pH level by minimizing changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the blood. This system consists of chemical compounds that can donate or accept protons to help stabilize the pH. Choice A, Cellular respiration, and Choice B, Gas exchange, are processes involved in gas exchange within the body, not specifically related to maintaining blood pH. Choice D, Deoxygenation, refers to the removal of oxygen from a substance and is not directly related to the regulation of blood pH.

3. What happens to the density of a gas when its temperature increases at constant pressure?

• A. It increases.
• B. It decreases.
• C. It remains the same.
• D. Information is insufficient.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases. This leads to the gas molecules moving faster and spreading out more, which causes them to occupy a larger volume. As a result, the density of the gas decreases because the same number of gas molecules are now distributed over a larger space. Choice A is incorrect because as the gas molecules spread out, the density decreases. Choice C is incorrect because the increase in temperature leads to a decrease in density due to the increased volume occupied by the gas molecules. Choice D is incorrect because with the provided scenario of temperature increase at constant pressure, the effect on density can be determined.

4. What is the primary function of the nervous system?

• A. To produce hormones
• B. To transmit electrical impulses
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transmit electrical impulses. The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit electrical impulses and coordinate body activities. While hormones are produced by the endocrine system, not the nervous system, oxygen transportation is mainly carried out by the respiratory system, and nutrient transport is primarily the role of the circulatory system. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of the nervous system.

5. What is the final phase of mitosis?

• A. Prophase
• B. Telophase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Metaphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Telophase is indeed the final phase of mitosis. During telophase, the chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope is re-forming around the separated sister chromatids, and cytokinesis may also occur, leading to the division of the cell into two daughter cells. Choice A, Prophase, is incorrect as it is the initial phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Choice C, Anaphase, is incorrect as it is the phase where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. Choice D, Metaphase, is incorrect as it is the phase where chromosomes align at the cell's equator before separating.

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