Nursing Elites

1. All of the following are parts of the respiratory system EXCEPT the:

• A. Trachea
• B. Bronchi
• C. Esophagus
• D. Larynx

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The esophagus is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory system. The trachea, bronchi, and larynx are all components of the respiratory system responsible for the passage of air during breathing and speech production. The esophagus, on the other hand, is part of the digestive system, responsible for the transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach through a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Esophagus (C).' Choices A, B, and D are all integral parts of the respiratory system, playing crucial roles in the airway and vocalization processes.

2. The brain is part of which system?

• A. Integumentary system
• B. Nervous system
• C. Endocrine system
• D. Respiratory system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The brain is a crucial organ that serves as the command center of the body, making it a key component of the nervous system. It processes sensory information, coordinates movements, and regulates various bodily functions. Therefore, the brain is correctly categorized as part of the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the integumentary system pertains to the skin, the endocrine system involves hormone regulation, and the respiratory system is responsible for breathing. These systems do not encompass the brain's functions or structure.

3. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

• A. To produce red blood cells
• B. To provide structural support
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To store fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To provide structural support. The skeletal system is primarily responsible for supporting the body's structure, protecting internal organs, facilitating movement, and storing minerals. While bones do play a role in producing red blood cells (hematopoiesis) in the bone marrow, the main function related to the question is providing structural support. Choices C and D are incorrect as the skeletal system is not involved in transporting nutrients or storing fat. The main functions of the skeletal system are related to support, protection, movement facilitation, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis.

4. Which statement correctly matches the valve with its function in the heart?

• A. The aortic valve allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
• B. The mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
• C. The pulmonic valve allows deoxygenated blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
• D. The tricuspid valve allows deoxygenated blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The aortic valve allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. When the left ventricle contracts, the aortic valve opens to allow blood to be pumped into the aorta, the body's main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to various parts of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match the described functions of the mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid valves, respectively. The mitral valve controls the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle, the pulmonic valve regulates the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, and the tricuspid valve manages the blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.

5. Which muscles play a significant role in the process of forced exhalation by contracting to reduce the thoracic cavity volume?

• A. Diaphragm
• B. External intercostal muscles
• C. Internal intercostal muscles
• D. Abdominal muscles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The abdominal muscles play a significant role in forced exhalation by contracting to reduce the thoracic cavity volume. When these muscles contract, the pressure within the thoracic cavity increases, assisting in the expulsion of air from the lungs. This action helps to compress the abdomen and push the diaphragm upwards, further decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and aiding in the exhalation process. The diaphragm (Choice A) is mainly involved in inhalation by contracting and moving downward to increase thoracic cavity volume. External intercostal muscles (Choice B) and internal intercostal muscles (Choice C) are primarily involved in the process of inhalation by expanding the thoracic cavity during normal breathing, rather than forced exhalation.

Similar Questions