Nursing Elites

1. All of the following are parts of the respiratory system EXCEPT the:

• A. Trachea
• B. Bronchi
• C. Esophagus
• D. Larynx

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The esophagus is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory system. The trachea, bronchi, and larynx are all components of the respiratory system responsible for the passage of air during breathing and speech production. The esophagus, on the other hand, is part of the digestive system, responsible for the transportation of food from the mouth to the stomach through a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Esophagus (C).' Choices A, B, and D are all integral parts of the respiratory system, playing crucial roles in the airway and vocalization processes.

2. What is the scientific term for scar tissue?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Fibrous connective tissue
• C. Cartilage
• D. Adipose tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct scientific term for scar tissue is fibrous connective tissue. Scar tissue is primarily composed of fibrous connective tissue, which forms as part of the body's natural healing process in response to injury or trauma. Epithelial tissue, cartilage, and adipose tissue are not typically involved in scar formation. Therefore, the correct answer is fibrous connective tissue, as it is the specific type of tissue that makes up scar tissue.

3. Vacuoles are large sacs for storage in plant cells. What is their main function in animal cells?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. Waste storage and disposal
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Cellular respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vacuoles in animal cells primarily function in waste storage and disposal, helping to maintain cellular homeostasis by storing waste products and aiding in their removal from the cell. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not typically use vacuoles for storage purposes such as water, nutrients, or pigments. Instead, animal cells rely on other organelles like lysosomes for waste management and maintaining cellular balance. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts (absent in animal cells), and cellular respiration mainly occurs in mitochondria, respectively. Vacuoles in animal cells serve a different purpose compared to plant cells.

4. Which structure serves as the electrical stimulator of the cardiac muscle?

• A. The sinoatrial node
• B. The left ventricle
• C. The aorta
• D. The tricuspid valve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the sinoatrial node. This node, also referred to as the pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that stimulate cardiac muscle contractions. It plays a crucial role in setting the pace and rhythm of the heart's contractions. Choices B, C, and D (the left ventricle, the aorta, and the tricuspid valve, respectively) do not serve as the primary electrical stimulator of the cardiac muscle. While the left ventricle is a chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body, the aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart, and the tricuspid valve is a one-way valve that ensures blood flows properly through the heart, none of these structures initiate the electrical impulses that cause the cardiac muscle to contract.

5. During embryonic development, all tissues originate from

• A. Epithelial tissue only
• B. Muscle tissue only
• C. Connective tissue only
• D. Embryonic germ layers

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During embryonic development, all tissues originate from the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These germ layers give rise to various tissues and organs in the developing embryo through a process called gastrulation. Epithelial, muscle, and connective tissues are derived from these germ layers during development. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as tissues do not originate from a single type of tissue but rather from the embryonic germ layers which differentiate into various tissues and organs.

Similar Questions