Nursing Elites

1. After a twelve-hour workday, James was exhausted when he heard the news.

• A. .
• B. ;
• C. ,
• D. —

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The comma (,) is used to separate the introductory clause 'After a twelve-hour workday' from the main clause 'James was exhausted when he heard the news.' This punctuation correctly indicates the relationship between the two clauses without interrupting the flow of the sentence. Choice A (.), a period, would create two separate sentences, which is not appropriate in this context. Choice B (;) is too strong of a pause and semicolons are typically used to connect closely related independent clauses. Choice D (—) is an em dash, which is used to set off an abrupt break or interruption in the sentence, not to separate an introductory clause from the main clause.

2. Which of the following best defines the word circumvent?

• A. To go around
• B. To go under
• C. To come near
• D. To come through

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To go around.' Circumvent means to find a way around an obstacle or to avoid something by cleverness or deception. Choice B, 'To go under,' is incorrect as circumvent does not involve going under something. Choice C, 'To come near,' is incorrect as circumvent does not mean to approach or get close to something. Choice D, 'To come through,' is incorrect as circumvent does not involve passing through something.

3. Identify the type of clause in the sentence: 'While the rain poured, they huddled inside for warmth.'

• A. Main clause
• B. Subordinate clause
• C. Appositive clause
• D. Noun clause

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The clause 'While the rain poured' is a subordinate clause because it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and provides additional information about the main action 'they huddled inside'. Subordinate clauses typically begin with subordinating conjunctions like 'while', 'because', 'if', etc. They rely on the main clause for context and meaning. In this sentence, the main action is 'they huddled inside,' making 'While the rain poured' a subordinate clause. The other choices are incorrect: An appositive clause renames or explains a noun, a noun clause functions as a noun within a sentence, and a main clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.

4. Identify the type of error in the sentence, 'They went to the store, bought groceries, then went home.'

• A. Run-on sentence
• B. Comma splice
• C. Dangling modifier
• D. Subject-verb agreement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The given sentence combines multiple independent clauses without appropriate punctuation or conjunctions, creating a run-on sentence. A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without the necessary punctuation or coordination. In this case, the sentence lacks the proper conjunction or punctuation between 'store' and 'bought,' resulting in a run-on sentence. Choice B, 'Comma splice,' is incorrect because a comma splice involves joining two independent clauses with just a comma, which is not the case in the given sentence. Choice C, 'Dangling modifier,' is incorrect as there are no misplaced modifiers in the sentence. Choice D, 'Subject-verb agreement,' is also incorrect as the error in the sentence does not involve subject-verb agreement but rather the incorrect combination of independent clauses.

5. The professor explained the concept clearly. What is the past participle of the verb 'explain'?

• A. explains
• B. explaining
• C. explained
• D. explanation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The past participle of a verb is used to form various tenses and passive voice constructions. In this case, 'explained' is the correct past participle form of the verb 'explain'. The sentence structure indicates a completed action in the past, which aligns with the use of the past participle. Choice A, 'explains,' is the present tense form of the verb, not the past participle. Choice B, 'explaining,' is the present participle form of the verb, not the past participle. Choice D, 'explanation,' is a noun derived from the verb 'explain,' not the past participle form of the verb itself.

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