Nursing Elites

1. What does the innate immune system provide?

• A. Nonspecific, immediate defense against pathogens
• B. Specific, long-term immune response through memory cells
• C. Both (a) and (b)
• D. Neither (a) nor (b)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The innate immune system provides nonspecific, immediate defense against pathogens. It is the body's first line of defense in responding to infections and does not involve memory cells or specific long-term immune responses like the adaptive immune system. Choice B is incorrect because specific, long-term immune responses through memory cells are characteristics of the adaptive immune system, not the innate immune system. Choice C is incorrect because the innate immune system does not provide specific, long-term immune responses. Choice D is incorrect because the innate immune system does provide an immediate defense against pathogens.

2. Where is keratin found?

• A. It is a protein-digesting enzyme released by the stomach.
• B. It is released in the neuromuscular junction.
• C. It is a protein found in the hypodermis.
• D. It is a protein found in hair.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails, providing strength and protection. It forms the main structural component of hair, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because keratin is not an enzyme released by the stomach, not released in the neuromuscular junction, and not found in the hypodermis. Remember that keratin is primarily associated with structural support in epithelial cells.

3. Which of the following contains a single immature egg cell that is released during ovulation?

• A. oocytes
• B. follicles
• C. ovaries
• D. fallopian tubes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Follicles are the structures in the ovaries that contain the oocytes (immature egg cells). During ovulation, a single mature egg cell is released from a mature follicle in the ovary. The other options (A. oocytes, C. ovaries, D. fallopian tubes) do not specifically refer to the structure that contains the immature egg cell that is released during ovulation.

4. Which of the following nerves has the longest axon in the human body?

• A. Dorsal root ganglion
• B. Laryngeal nerve
• C. Sciatic nerve
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sciatic nerve contains the longest axon in the human body, extending from the lower back down the leg. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lower limb. The dorsal root ganglion and laryngeal nerve do not possess axons as long as the sciatic nerve, making them incorrect choices. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the sciatic nerve.

5. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• A. To digest food
• B. To transport nutrients
• C. To exchange gases
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To exchange gases. The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Digesting food is primarily the function of the digestive system, transporting nutrients is the role of the circulatory system, and regulating body temperature is primarily managed by the integumentary system and the nervous system, not the respiratory system.

Similar Questions