Nursing Elites

1. How does the human eye focus light?

• A. Cornea
• B. Iris
• C. Lens
• D. Retina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The human eye focuses light by adjusting the shape of its lens. The lens changes shape to allow the eye to focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye that helps to focus light but does not change shape like the lens. The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that receives and processes images but does not adjust the focus of light.

2. Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Cervix
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube. This occurs when the fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancies in other locations such as the ovary, cervix, or vagina are much rarer. The fallopian tube is the correct answer because it is the site where the fertilized egg may get stuck during its journey to the uterus, leading to implantation and growth outside the uterus. The ovary is not a common site for ectopic pregnancy, and implantation there can be life-threatening due to the risk of severe bleeding. The cervix and vagina are not typical sites for implantation of a fertilized egg, making them less likely locations for an ectopic pregnancy.

3. When you push a book across a table, the book experiences an equal and opposite force from the table. Why doesn't the table move as well?

• A. The table is much heavier than the book.
• B. The force on the book acts in a different direction.
• C. The table has a much larger surface area, distributing the force over a wider area.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The table is much heavier than the book, so it requires a much larger force to accelerate it. The book is lighter and easier to move, so the force applied to it causes it to move without significantly affecting the table due to the table's greater mass. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the force exerted on the book by the table is countered by an equal force exerted on the table by the book, but the table's greater mass resists movement. Choice B is incorrect because the forces are equal and opposite, acting in the same direction. Choice C is incorrect as the surface area does not affect the movement of the table in this scenario. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the table's greater mass prevents it from moving easily when a force is applied.

4. When ice melts, it undergoes a...

• A. Chemical change
• B. Physical change
• C. Nuclear change
• D. Radioactive decay

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When ice melts, it undergoes a physical change, transitioning from a solid state to a liquid state. This change does not involve altering the chemical composition of the ice, making it a physical change rather than a chemical change, nuclear change, or radioactive decay. Choice A, 'Chemical change,' is incorrect because a chemical change involves a rearrangement of atoms resulting in new substances. Choice C, 'Nuclear change,' is incorrect as it refers to changes in the nucleus of an atom, not the phase transition of ice. Choice D, 'Radioactive decay,' is incorrect as it involves the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus, which is not the process occurring when ice melts.

5. What is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading?

• A. Diastolic pressure
• B. Systolic pressure
• C. Pulse rate
• D. Mean arterial pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic pressure. The bottom number in a blood pressure reading represents the diastolic pressure, which indicates the lowest pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats. This value is important in understanding the overall health of the cardiovascular system. Choice B, Systolic pressure, is the top number in a blood pressure reading and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting. Choice C, Pulse rate, refers to the number of times the heart beats in a minute. Choice D, Mean arterial pressure, is a calculated value using both systolic and diastolic pressures to provide an average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle, but it is not the bottom number in a blood pressure reading.

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