Nursing Elites

1. Why doesn't an antibiotic work for treating the flu?

• A. The antibiotic is for a different type of infection
• B. The antibiotic is not effective against viruses
• C. The antibiotic is not prescribed in a high enough dosage
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like the flu. The flu is caused by a virus, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the fact that antibiotics do not work on viruses. Choice C is incorrect as the issue is not related to the dosage amount, but rather the nature of the infection. Choice D is incorrect as there is a specific reason why antibiotics do not work for the flu.

2. Which component is not found in the nucleotide of DNA?

• A. Simple sugar
• B. Nitrogen base
• C. Phosphate group
• D. Citric acid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Citric acid is not found in the nucleotide of DNA. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a simple sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine), and a phosphate group. Citric acid is not part of DNA nucleotides; instead, it is involved in the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. Choices A, B, and C are essential components of DNA nucleotides, making them incorrect answers.

3. During which phase of cell division do the chromosomes replicate?

• A. Prophase
• B. Interphase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Telophase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chromosomes replicate during the interphase of the cell cycle. Interphase is the phase where the cell prepares for division by undergoing various activities such as growth, DNA replication, and protein synthesis. During DNA replication in interphase, each chromosome in the cell is duplicated to form two sister chromatids, which are then separated during cell division. Prophase is the phase where the chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Anaphase is the phase where sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell. Telophase is the phase where the nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes begin to decondense.

4. What is the process by which cells divide to form two identical daughter cells?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Binary Fission
• D. Cellular Division

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Mitosis. Mitosis is the process in which a cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. Choice B, Meiosis, is a type of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes. Choice C, Binary Fission, is a form of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotic organisms. Choice D, Cellular Division, is a general term that encompasses various processes of cell division, but specifically, mitosis refers to the division resulting in two identical daughter cells.

5. 72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?

• A. 18
• B. 36
• C. 72
• D. 144

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved in each gamete. Since 72 chromosomes undergo meiosis, each gamete will contain half of that number, which is 36 chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is 18 chromosomes in each gamete. Choice B (36 chromosomes) is incorrect because it represents the total number of chromosomes that undergo meiosis, not the number in each gamete. Choice C (72 chromosomes) is incorrect as it represents the initial number of chromosomes, not the number in each gamete after meiosis. Choice D (144 chromosomes) is incorrect as it doubles the initial number of chromosomes, which is not the outcome of meiosis.

Similar Questions