Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system?

• A. Brain
• B. Larynx
• C. Urethra
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The larynx is an essential organ of the respiratory system. It plays a crucial role in producing sound, protecting the trachea from food aspiration, and regulating the airflow to and from the lungs. The brain is part of the nervous system, the urethra is part of the urinary system, and the pancreas is part of the digestive system. Therefore, they are not directly related to the respiratory system's functions.

2. How many bones are in the human foot?

• A. 6
• B. 16
• C. 26
• D. 36

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. These bones collaborate to offer support, flexibility, and stability for various activities like standing, walking, and running. Choice A (6) is incorrect as it is too low for the number of bones in the human foot. Choice B (16) is incorrect as it underestimates the actual number of bones in the foot. Choice D (36) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of bones in the human foot.

3. What is the function of the stomach in digestion?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To break down food
• C. To secrete digestive enzymes
• D. To store glucose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down food.' The stomach's primary function in digestion is to break down food mechanically and chemically. It accomplishes this by mixing food with gastric acid and digestive enzymes, resulting in the formation of chyme, a semi-liquid mixture that moves on to further digestion in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because the absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because while the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes like pepsin, its primary role is not just limited to enzyme secretion. Choice D is incorrect because the storage of glucose primarily occurs in the liver and muscles, not in the stomach.

4. Where are B-lymphocytes produced?

• A. Thymus
• B. Red bone marrow
• C. Lymph nodes
• D. Spleen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B-lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow. The red bone marrow is the primary site for B-cell development, where they mature before entering the circulation. The thymus is responsible for T-lymphocyte maturation, not B-lymphocytes. Lymph nodes and spleen play roles in immune responses but are not the primary sites for B-lymphocyte production.

5. Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Cardiac muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, allowing conscious regulation for activities like walking and lifting. This type of muscle is attached to bones and is responsible for movement in the body. Smooth muscle (Choice A) is involuntary and found in organs like the stomach and intestines. Cardiac muscle (Choice B and D) is also involuntary and specific to the heart, contracting rhythmically to pump blood, but it is not under conscious control.

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