Nursing Elites

1. Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

• A. Femur
• B. Hyoid
• C. Radius
• D. Tibia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is distinctive as it does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. Instead, it is held in place by muscles and ligaments, playing a crucial role in supporting the tongue and providing attachment points for various muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The other choices, Femur, Radius, and Tibia, all articulate with other bones in the body. The femur articulates with the hip bone, the radius articulates with the ulna and other bones in the wrist, and the tibia articulates with the femur and fibula.

2. Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. It works by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, helping to lower blood sugar levels. Glucagon, on the other hand, works to increase blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism. Melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, is not responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is insulin.

3. Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?

• A. Simple squamous epithelium – diffusion
• B. Stratified squamous epithelium – protection
• C. Stratified squamous epithelium – diffusion
• D. Simple columnar epithelium – secretion or absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Simple columnar epithelium is indeed primarily responsible for secretion and absorption due to its tall shape and presence of microvilli, which increase surface area for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is mainly involved in diffusion, allowing for the exchange of gases or nutrients. Stratified squamous epithelium functions more for protection against mechanical stress and pathogens, as it forms a tough, protective barrier due to its many layers.

4. Which vitamin is essential for the formation of red blood cells?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is the correct answer. It is crucial for the formation and maturation of red blood cells, playing a vital role in preventing megaloblastic anemia. Additionally, Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining nerve function. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis and immune health, and Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immune function. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not play a direct role in the formation of red blood cells.

5. How many bones are in the human foot?

• A. 6
• B. 16
• C. 26
• D. 36

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. These bones collaborate to offer support, flexibility, and stability for various activities like standing, walking, and running. Choice A (6) is incorrect as it is too low for the number of bones in the human foot. Choice B (16) is incorrect as it underestimates the actual number of bones in the foot. Choice D (36) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of bones in the human foot.

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