Nursing Elites

1. You have been given a sample tissue that has pillar-shaped cells arranged tightly together. The tissue you have is:

• A. Squamous Epithelium
• B. Cuboidal Epithelium
• C. Columnar Epithelium
• D. Transitional Epithelium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Columnar Epithelium. Columnar epithelium is characterized by tall, pillar-like cells that are closely packed together. This arrangement allows for absorption and secretion in tissues like the digestive tract, where this type of epithelium is commonly found. Squamous epithelium (choice A) consists of flat cells, cuboidal epithelium (choice B) has cube-shaped cells, and transitional epithelium (choice D) is found in areas that need to stretch and expand, like the urinary bladder.

2. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. To absorb water and form solid waste
• B. To produce digestive enzymes
• C. To secrete hormones
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and form solid waste (feces) for excretion. This process helps in reabsorbing water and electrolytes, resulting in the formation of feces by compacting the waste material. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine is not responsible for producing digestive enzymes, secreting hormones, or transporting nutrients. These functions are typically associated with other parts of the digestive system.

3. Which of these can provide significant protein to a person on a vegan diet?

• A. Eggs
• B. Fish
• C. Tofu
• D. Leafy greens

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tofu is a plant-based source of protein that can provide a significant amount of protein to a person on a vegan diet. It is made from soybeans and is a versatile ingredient that can be used in various dishes to increase protein intake. Tofu is a good option for vegans looking to meet their protein needs. Eggs and fish are not suitable for a vegan diet as they are animal products. While leafy greens do contain some protein, they are not considered a significant protein source compared to tofu.

4. Which organ system is largely responsible for controlling stress?

• A. The endocrine system
• B. The digestive system
• C. The lymphatic system
• D. The respiratory system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The endocrine system is largely responsible for controlling stress through the release of hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones help regulate the body's response to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy production. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in the body's stress response and helps the body adapt to and cope with stressful situations. The digestive system (Choice B) is primarily responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not controlling stress. The lymphatic system (Choice C) is responsible for immune function and maintaining fluid balance, not controlling stress. The respiratory system (Choice D) is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, not controlling stress.

5. Enlargement of the thyroid, commonly known as a goiter, might be expected to affect ___________.

• A. swallowing
• B. insulin levels
• C. sleep
• D. digestion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Enlargement of the thyroid, known as a goiter, can compress the nearby structures in the neck, including the esophagus. This compression can lead to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or a sensation of pressure in the throat. Therefore, an enlarged thyroid gland is expected to affect swallowing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a goiter primarily affects structures in the neck due to its physical enlargement, rather than directly impacting insulin levels, sleep, or digestion.

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