Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to kidney stones?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to kidney stones because Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the body. Low levels of Vitamin D can result in increased calcium absorption from the intestines, leading to higher levels of calcium in the urine, which can form kidney stones. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as deficiencies in these vitamins are not directly associated with kidney stone formation.

2. What information can be obtained from the mass number of an element?

• A. The number of protons in the nucleus
• B. The total number of protons and neutrons
• C. The number of electrons in the valence shell
• D. The element's chemical reactivity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The mass number of an element represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This information is crucial for determining the atomic mass of the element and understanding its stability and isotopes. The number of protons in the nucleus (option A) is represented by the atomic number, not the mass number. The number of electrons in the valence shell (option C) is related to the element's position in the periodic table and its chemical properties, but it is not directly determined by the mass number. The element's chemical reactivity (option D) is influenced by the number and arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy levels, not by the mass number.

3. Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated?

• A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• B. Chlamydia
• C. Gonorrhea
• D. Syphilis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chlamydia is the correct answer because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, both of which can cause infertility. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often presents with no symptoms, making it important for individuals to get tested regularly, especially if they are sexually active. It is crucial to detect and treat Chlamydia early to prevent long-term consequences such as infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to genital warts and certain types of cancer but is not typically associated with infertility. Gonorrhea and syphilis can cause serious health problems if untreated, but infertility is more commonly associated with Chlamydia.

4. Which of the following is part of the cardiovascular system?

• A. Blood vessels
• B. Brain
• C. Kidneys
• D. Lungs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Blood vessels are indeed part of the cardiovascular system. They are crucial components that facilitate blood circulation by carrying blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. Blood vessels play a vital role in delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products. The brain, kidneys, and lungs are not part of the cardiovascular system; instead, they belong to other body systems. The brain is part of the nervous system, kidneys are part of the urinary system, and lungs are part of the respiratory system. Therefore, the correct answer is blood vessels (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not components of the cardiovascular system but belong to different body systems.

5. When a person pushes a box across the floor, which of the following forces is NOT doing work?

• A. The person's pushing force
• B. The normal force from the floor
• C. The gravitational force on the box
• D. The frictional force between the box and the floor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The normal force from the floor is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the box, so it does not contribute to the work being done. Work is only done by forces acting in the direction of motion of an object. In this case, the normal force is acting at a right angle to the motion, hence it does not perform any work on the box. The person's pushing force, the gravitational force, and the frictional force are all acting in the direction of motion of the box, so they contribute to the work being done in moving the box across the floor.

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