Nursing Elites

1. What substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?

• A. bone
• B. cartilage
• C. tendon
• D. fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cartilage is the correct answer as it is the substance that makes up the pads between the vertebrae. Cartilage provides cushioning and support between the bones of the spine, allowing for flexibility and preventing friction between the vertebrae. Bone (choice A) is incorrect as it forms the structure of the vertebrae, not the intervertebral discs. Tendon (choice C) is incorrect as it connects muscle to bone and is not found between the vertebrae. Fat (choice D) is incorrect as it is not the substance that makes up the pads between the vertebrae.

2. Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland'?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes a variety of hormones that regulate various bodily functions and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. The thyroid gland (Choice A) plays a role in regulating metabolism, the adrenal gland (Choice C) secretes hormones involved in stress response, and the pineal gland (Choice D) produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles, but they are not known as the 'master gland' due to their functions.

3. Which of the following structures is located in the respiratory system?

• A. Larynx
• B. Trachea
• C. Pharynx
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a crucial structure in the respiratory system. It is located in the upper part of the trachea and houses the vocal cords. The larynx plays a key role in producing sound and protecting the trachea by closing during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. This makes the larynx the correct answer in this context. The trachea (Choice B) is a respiratory structure that connects the larynx to the lungs, allowing air to pass through. The pharynx (Choice C) is a shared pathway for both air and food, located at the back of the throat. The esophagus (Choice D) is part of the digestive system, responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are not located in the respiratory system.

4. What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To secrete digestive enzymes
• C. To produce bile
• D. To store glucose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the process of breaking down food particles into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body for nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary function of the pancreas is not to absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose in digestion.

5. What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

• A. Protecting the body from external damage
• B. Regulating body temperature
• C. Producing vitamin D
• D. Producing red blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protecting the body from external damage. The primary function of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, is to act as a physical barrier that protects the body from external damage such as pathogens, UV radiation, and mechanical injuries. While the integumentary system does play roles in regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, its main and most crucial function is to provide a protective shield for the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although the integumentary system contributes to regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, as well as housing cells involved in the immune response, its primary role is protection.

Similar Questions