Nursing Elites

1. What property of a wave remains unchanged when it passes from one medium to another with the same speed?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Speed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a wave passes from one medium to another with the same speed, its frequency remains unchanged. Frequency is a characteristic of the source of the wave and does not depend on the medium through which the wave is traveling. Wavelength and speed of the wave can change when passing from one medium to another, but frequency remains constant. This is because the frequency of a wave is determined by the source that produces it, and as long as the speed remains constant, the frequency will not be altered. Amplitude, on the other hand, can change based on factors like energy loss or gain, but it is not a property that remains constant when a wave moves between different mediums with the same speed. Speed, although important for the wave's propagation, is not the property that remains unchanged when the wave transitions between mediums with the same speed. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency.

2. What is the general formula for an alcohol?

• A. Câ‚™Hâ‚‚â‚™
• B. Câ‚™H₂ₙ₊₂
• C. Câ‚™H₂ₙ₋₁
• D. Câ‚™Hâ‚‚â‚™O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct general formula for an alcohol is CnH2n+1OH, which can be simplified to CnH2nO. In this formula, 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms, '2n' represents the number of hydrogen atoms, and 'O' represents the oxygen atom present in the hydroxyl group of the alcohol. Therefore, the correct general formula for an alcohol is CnH2nO. Choice A, CₙH₂ₙ, does not account for the oxygen atom, which is essential in alcohols. Choice B, CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, does not include the oxygen atom or the necessary hydrogen atoms for the hydroxyl group. Choice C, CₙH₂ₙ₋₁, lacks the oxygen atom and also does not fulfill the requirements of the hydroxyl group. Thus, the most accurate representation of the general formula for an alcohol is CnH2nO.

3. What is the function of valves in arteries?

• A. To maintain high blood pressure for the proper diffusion of nutrients in capillaries.
• B. To prevent backflow of blood due to high pressure away from the heart.
• C. As a vestigial trait from evolution, like the appendix, that serves no purpose.
• D. Valves are absent in arteries but present in veins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Valves in arteries serve the crucial function of preventing backflow of blood. Arteries carry blood at high pressure away from the heart, and the valves ensure that blood flows in one direction, towards the capillaries, to maintain efficient circulation. Without these valves, there would be a risk of blood flowing backward, compromising the effectiveness of blood circulation in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A incorrectly suggests that valves maintain high blood pressure for nutrient diffusion in capillaries, which is not their function. Choice C inaccurately compares valves to vestigial traits, like the appendix, implying they serve no purpose, which is untrue. Choice D is incorrect as valves are indeed present in arteries to regulate blood flow, not just in veins.

4. What are the primary processes involved in breathing?

• A. Inspiration and Expiration
• B. Inhalation and Exhalation
• C. Respiration and Circulation
• D. Inspiration and Respiration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary processes involved in breathing are inspiration (inhaling air) and expiration (exhaling air). Inspiration is the process of taking air into the lungs, while expiration is the process of expelling air from the lungs. These two phases are crucial for gas exchange, where oxygen is taken in during inspiration and carbon dioxide is expelled during expiration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they either combine inspiration with respiration or include unrelated processes like respiration and circulation. Therefore, the correct pair of processes involved in breathing is A, inspiration and expiration.

5. Where is the scaphoid bone located in the body?

• A. Wrist
• B. Shoulder
• C. Spine
• D. Face

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wrist. The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones located in the wrist. It is a small boat-shaped bone that is frequently involved in wrist injuries, such as falls onto an outstretched hand resulting in a scaphoid fracture. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the scaphoid bone is not located in the shoulder, spine, or face. Understanding the anatomical location of bones is crucial for diagnosing and treating injuries accurately.

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