Nursing Elites

1. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume but can flow?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume but can flow and take the shape of its container. Solids have a definite shape and volume but do not flow as liquids do. Gases do not have a definite shape or volume but can flow to fill their container. Plasma is a state of matter where the particles are highly energized and do not have a definite shape or volume, thus not fitting the description of having a definite shape and volume while being able to flow.

2. What is the product of translation from an RNA template?

• A. DNA
• B. Lipid
• C. Polypeptide
• D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Translation is the process by which the genetic information carried by mRNA is decoded to synthesize a polypeptide chain. This essential process occurs at the ribosomes within the cell. The product of translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, not DNA, lipid, or carbohydrate. DNA is involved in transcription, lipids are not directly produced in translation, and carbohydrates are not synthesized through translation. Therefore, the correct product resulting from translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, making choice C, 'Polypeptide,' the correct answer.

3. Why are noble gas elements generally unreactive?

• A. They are too large and cannot form bonds easily.
• B. They lack valence electrons in their outermost shell.
• C. They have strong bonds within their own molecules.
• D. They have already achieved stable electron configurations.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Noble gas elements are generally unreactive because they have already achieved stable electron configurations by having a full outer electron shell. This full shell makes them very stable and unlikely to gain, lose, or share electrons with other elements. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because noble gases are not unreactive due to being too large to form bonds easily (A), lacking valence electrons in their outermost shell (B), or having strong bonds within their own molecules (C).

4. What is the first number in a blood pressure reading?

• A. Diastolic pressure
• B. Mean arterial pressure
• C. Pulse rate
• D. Systolic pressure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Systolic pressure. In a blood pressure reading, the first number represents the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure in the arteries during heart contraction. The second number in the reading is the diastolic pressure, which indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse rate are not the first numbers in a blood pressure reading.

5. Which structure in the eye is responsible for detecting light?

• A. Cornea
• B. Retina
• C. Lens
• D. Iris

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The retina is the correct answer as it is the light-sensitive structure in the eye that detects light and converts it into signals for the brain to process visual information. The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye that helps to focus incoming light onto the lens. The lens further focuses the light onto the retina, which is where the actual light detection and signal conversion occur. The iris, on the other hand, controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil but is not directly responsible for detecting light.

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